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. 2024 Jan 15;29(4):1309–1321. doi: 10.1007/s10459-023-10305-z

Table 2.

Linear or quadratic association of PRA, AA-Med and TFA scores with correct, wrong, and blank answers for Immunology and Microbiology examinations

Immunology Microbiology
Outcome: β CI 95% P β CI 95% p
Exposition: PRA
Correct
 Model 1 0.06 (− 0.53; 0.64) 0.85 − 0.19 (− 0.71; 0.33) 0.48
 Model 2 0.24 (− 0.24; 0.72) 0.32 − 0.03 (− 0.55; 0.49) 0.92
Wrong
 Model 1 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.03) 0.26 − 0.21 (− 0.61; 0.19) 0.30
 Model 2 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.04) 0.23 − 0.34 (− 0.76; 0.09) 0.12
Blank
 Model 1 − 0.24 (− 0.89; 0.41) 0.46 0.40 (− 0.37; 1.17) 0.31
 Model 2 − 0.42 (− 1.04; 0.19) 0.17 0.36 (− 0.46; 1.19) 0.39
Exposition: AA-Med
Correct
 Model 1
  Linear term 9.64 (4.38; 14.89) < 0.001 4.49 (− 0.50; 9.49) 0.078
  Quadratic term − 0.24 (− 0.38; − 0.11) < 0.001 − 0.12 (− 0.24; 0.01) 0.071
 Model 2
  Linear term 5.93 (1.75; 10.11) 0.006 2.88 (− 1.99; 7.76) 0.244
  Quadratic term − 0.15 (− 0.26; − 0.046) 0.005 − 0.08 (− 0.20;0.05) 0.212
Wrong
 Model 1
  Linear term 0.13 (− 0.07; 0.34) 0.200 − 0.40 (− 0.92; 0.12) 0.13
  Quadratic term − 0.004 (− 0.01; 0.0015) 0.161
 Model 2
  Linear term 0.18 − 0.03; 0.39) 0.092 − 0.34 (− 0.87; 0.20) 0.21
  Quadratic term − 0.005 (− 0.01; 0.004) 0.073
Blank
 Model 1
  Linear term − 10.26 (− 16.12; − 4.41)  < 0.001 0.47 (− 0.52; 1.46) 0.35
  Quadratic term 0.26 (0.11; 0.41)  < 0.001
 Model 2
  Linear term − 7.21 (− 12.64; − 1.77) 0.010 0.52 (− 0.51; 1.55) 0.32
  Quadratic term 0.19 (0.049; 0.32) 0.008
Exposition: TFA
Correct
 Model 1 0.29 (− 0.26; 0.84) 0.30 0.13 (− 0.36; 0.63) 0.60
 Model 2 0.20 (− 0.23; 0.62) 0.36 − 0.04 (− 0.53; 0.46) 0.89
Wrong
 Model 1 0.00 (− 0.02; 0.02) 0.80 0.27 (− 0.11; 0.66) 0.16
 Model 2 − 0.00 (− 0.02; 0.02) 0.83 0.25 (− 0.16; 0.65) 0.23
Blank
 Model 1 − 0.34 (− 0.95; 0.27) 0.28 − 0.41 (− 1.14; 0.33) 0.28
 Model 2 − 0.26 (− 0.81; 0.28) 0.34 − 0.21 (− 0.99; 0.57) 0.59

Model 1: crude model. Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, course grade average, admission grade

Pearson risk attitude (PRA), ambiguity aversion in medicine (AA-Med), and of Tolerance for ambiguity (TFA), respectively

Items in bold reached statistical significance