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. 2024 Sep 2;14:20375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71314-5

Table 1.

The sociodemographic characteristics of participants.

Variables (categorical) Overall %
Total 1316 100
Child grade
 1–3 645 49
 4–6 264 20.1
 7–9 407 30.9
Parent gender
 Female 855 65.0
 Male 461 35.0
Parent age
  < 30 21 1.6
  > 45 142 10.8
 30–37 655 49.8
 38–45 498 37.8
Parent education
 Primary school 78 5.9
 Middle school 391 29.7
 High school 333 25.3
 College 497 37.8
 Graduate school 17 1.3
Online class approval
 Approve 398 30.2
 Disapprove 918 69.8
Online class pressure
 Very high 224 17.0
 High 449 34.1
 Moderate 558 42.4
 No pressure 85 6.5
Emotional source
 Pandemic impact 251 19.1
 Online learning 235 17.9
 Both 830 63.1
Children's ADHD type
 Normal 1242 94.4
 Combined type 19 1.4
 Hyperactive impulsiv type 15 1.1
 Inattentive type 40 3.0