. 2024 Aug 10;24(9):1302–1312. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12179

TABLE 1.

Transition of sweat and blood lactate level and heart rate over time during incremental swimming exercise with and without rest.

Test 1 (incremental exercise test with breaks)
	Rest	Warm‐up	bLT	sLT	Final
Flow speed, m/s	0	0.87	1.15	1.22	1.39
Flow speed, m/s	(0/0)	(0.14/0.03)	(0.12/0.03)	(0.16/0.04)	(0.14 / 0.03)
HR, bpm	87.9	101.1	134.3	141.6	172.1
HR, bpm	(14.3/3.2) ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	(10.7/2.4) ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	(16.5/3.7) ^b ^, ^e	(19.5 / 4.4) ^b ^, ^e	(12.2/2.7) ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d
bLA, mmol/L	2.8	2.5	2.8	‐	7.4
bLA, mmol/L	(0.9/0.2) ^e	(0.6/0.1) ^e	(1.1/0.2) ^e	‐	(3.2/0.7) ^b ^, ^c
sLA, μA	3.91	3.81	3.83	3.66	5.48
sLA, μA	(0.72/0.16) ^e	(0.69/0.15) ^e	(1.40/0.31) ^e	(1.03 / 0.23) ^e	(1.92 / 0.43)

Test 2 (incremental exercise test without breaks)
	Rest	Warm‐up	bLT	sLT	Final
Flow speed, m/s	0	0.87	‐	1.13	1.22
Flow speed, m/s	(0 / 0)	(0.14 / 0.03)	‐	(0.15 / 0.03)	(0.16/0.04)
HR, bpm	92.5	106.6	‐	146.5	178.2
HR, bpm	(15.8/3.5) ^a ^, ^c ^, ^e	(14.4 / 3.2) ^d ^, ^e	‐	(18.7/4.2) ^b ^, ^e	(14.5/3.2) ^b ^, ^d
sLA, μA	3.76	3.62	‐	4.14	6.55
sLA, μA	(0.55/0.12) ^e	(0.53 / 0.11) ^e	‐	(1.36/0.30) ^e	(2.54/0.57)

Note: Transition of blood lactate (bLA) and sweat lactate (sLA) and heart rate (HR) in test 1 (incremental exercise test with breaks) and test 2 (incremental exercise test without breaks) are shown. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation/standard error). One‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc test showed that bLA and sLA increased immediately after each threshold, whereas HR increased gradually.

^{^a}

Versus warm‐up (p < 0.05).

^{^b}

Versus warm‐up (p < 0.01).

^{^c}

Versus bLT (p < 0.01).

^{^d}

Versus sLT (p < 0.01).

^{^e}

Versus Final (p < 0.01).