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. 2024 Sep 2;12:60. doi: 10.1186/s40462-024-00497-3

Table 3.

The results of linear regression of lean body mass (Mb-lean, Eq. 1) against year by species, including changes (∆) between 1964 and 2020 and mean Mb-lean for those which showed no significant change

Species Gradient (m) Intercept (b) Adjusted R² Standard error of residuals F P Mean Mb−lean (g) Δ Mb−lean (%)
A. pratensis 0.004 6.42 0.00 0.70 3.04 0.82 15.38 1.65
E. rubecula 0.001 13.60 < 0.01 0.34 0.58 0.45 14.88 0.24
O. oenanthe 0.058 -92.27 0.32 1.48 22.94 < 0.01 15.01
P. collybita 0.001 5.82 < 0.01 0.33 0.22 0.64 6.83 0.41
P. modularis* 0.007 3.78 0.05 1.06 42.21 < 0.01 2.25
P. phoenicurus -0.001 15.07 0.01 0.19 1.69 0.20 13.10 -0.42
P. trochilus 0.004 -0.19 0.02 0.45 34.14 < 0.01 2.89
S. atricapilla* 0.002 11.90 0.02 0.64 28.17 < 0.01 0.79
S. borin* < 0.001 16.20 < 0.01 0.37 0.35 0.55 16.53 0.12
C. communis* 0.003 7.68 0.09 0.50 189.3 < 0.01 1.14
S. vulgaris 0.036 4.77 0.06 2.10 8.61 < 0.01 2.67
T. iliacus 0.016 23.57 0.01 1.92 11.42 < 0.01 1.63
T. merula* 0.005 77.79 < 0.01 2.13 5.64 < 0.05 0.34
T. philomelos* 0.019 25.20 0.07 1.54 40.02 < 0.01 1.68
T. troglodytes 0.002 5.29 < 0.01 0.33 3.37 0.07 8.51 1.07

* Species where regressions were conducted using robust standard errors due to heteroscedasticity