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[Preprint]. 2024 Aug 23:2024.08.23.24312457. [Version 1] doi: 10.1101/2024.08.23.24312457

Table 1.

Sample characteristics at baseline of the two study cohorts in our analysis1,2,3,4,5

Among patients without cognitive impairment at baseline
Variable Full sample (born Sept 1 1925 to Sept 1 1942) Sample in the MSE-optimal bandwidth
All Women Men All Women Men
n % n % n % n % n % n %
282,557 100.0 154,237 54.6 128,319 45.4 58,569 100.0 32,311 55.2 26,258 44.8
Quintile of Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 1 (most deprived) 47,321 16.7 26,071 16.9 21,249 16.6 9,654 16.5 5,391 16.7 4,263 16.2
2 53,628 19.0 29,516 19.1 24,112 18.8 11,060 18.9 6,248 19.3 4,812 18.3
3 61,528 21.8 33,596 21.8 27,932 21.8 12,854 21.9 7,081 21.9 5,773 22.0
4 58,352 20.7 31,461 20.4 26,891 21.0 12,117 20.7 6,569 20.3 5,548 21.1
5 (least deprived) 61,728 21.8 33,593 21.8 28,135 21.9 12,884 22.0 7,022 21.7 5,862 22.3
Clinical diagnoses
Past shingles 34,280 12.1 20,461 13.3 13,819 10.8 7,611 13.0 4,592 14.2 3,019 11.5
Ischemic heart disease 45,456 16.1 17,928 11.6 27,528 21.5 10,488 17.9 4,168 12.9 6,320 24.1
COPD 33,191 11.7 15,586 10.1 17,605 13.7 7,164 12.2 3,314 10.3 3,850 14.7
Past stroke 20,938 7.4 10,028 6.5 10,910 8.5 4,879 8.3 2,362 7.3 2,517 9.6
Past lower respiratory tract infection 145,299 51.4 80,214 52.0 65,085 50.7 30,880 52.7 16,980 52.6 13,900 52.9
History of lung cancer 1,179 0.4 554 0.4 625 0.5 268 0.5 130 0.4 138 0.5
Past fall(s) 52,620 18.6 35,997 23.3 16,623 13.0 11,897 20.3 8,161 25.3 3,736 14.2
History of colorectal cancer 5,662 2.0 2,445 1.6 3,217 2.5 1,295 2.2 557 1.7 738 2.8
History of lower back pain 126,210 44.7 72,250 46.8 53,960 42.1 26,471 45.2 15,379 47.6 11,092 42.2
History of breast cancer 6,506 2.3 6,449 4.2 57 0.4 1,327 3.2 1,319 4.1 8 <0.1
History of pancreatic cancer 162 0.6 81 <0.1 81 <0.1 28 <0.1 14 <0.1 14 <0.1
Diabetes mellitus 55,354 19.6 26,289 17.0 29,065 22.7 12,185 20.8 5,903 18.3 6,282 23.9
Uptake of preventive health measures
Breast cancer screening 35,759 12.7 34,680 22.5 - - 6,195 10.6 5,952 18.4 - -
PPV-23 172,149 70.3 106,803 69.2 91,874 71.6 42,872 73.2 23,109 71.5 19,763 75.3
Influenza vaccine 193,856 68.6 103,678 67.2 90,178 70.3 41,412 70.7 22,248 68.9 19,164 73.0
Recent statin use 130,175 46.1 65,910 42.7 64,265 50.1 27,747 47.4 14,449 44.7 13,298 50.6
Recent antihypertensive use 198,677 61.0 93,025 60.3 79,124 61.7 37,712 64.4 20,651 63.9 17,061 65.0
Among patients living with dementia at baseline
Variable Full sample (born Sept 1 1925 to Sept 1 1942) Sample in the MSE-optimal bandwidth
All Women Men All Women Men
n % n % n % n % n % n %
14,350 100.0 8,957 62.4 5,393 37.6 3,418 100.0 2,064 60.4 1,354 39.6
Quintile of Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 1 (most deprived) 2,734 19.1 1,699 19.0 1,035 19.2 648 19.0 408 19.8 240 17.7
2 3,012 21.0 1,897 21.2 1,115 20.7 729 21.3 458 22.2 271 20.0
3 3,021 21.1 1,932 21.6 1,089 20.2 730 21.4 440 21.3 290 21.4
4 2,788 19.4 1,718 19.2 1,070 19.8 655 19.2 379 18.4 276 20.4
5 (least deprived) 2,795 19.5 1,711 19.1 1,084 20.1 656 19.2 379 18.4 277 20.5
Clinical diagnoses
Past shingles 1,761 12.3 1,176 13.1 585 10.8 400 11.7 254 12.3 146 10.8
Ischemic heart disease 2,975 20.7 1,513 16.9 1,462 27.1 725 21.2 360 17.4 365 27.0
COPD 2,073 14.4 1,133 12.6 940 17.4 475 13.9 253 12.3 222 16.4
Past stroke 2,654 18.5 1,461 16.3 1,193 22.1 640 18.7 325 15.7 315 23.3
Past lower respiratory tract infection 8,661 60.4 5,365 59.9 3,296 61.1 2,013 58.9 1,196 57.9 817 60.3
History of lung cancer 58 0.4 28 0.3 30 0.6 20 0.6 10 0.5 10 0.7
Past fall(s) 6,652 46.4 4,608 51.4 2,044 37.9 1,476 43.2 983 47.6 493 36.4
History of colorectal cancer 285 2.0 138 1.5 147 2.7 60 1.8 25 1.2 35 2.6
History of lower back pain 6,530 45.5 4,161 46.5 2,369 43.9 1,573 46.0 996 48.3 577 42.6
History of breast cancer 300 2.1 298 3.3 < 10 <0.1 68 2.0 68 3.3 < 10 <0.1
History of pancreatic cancer < 10 <0.1 < 10 <0.1 < 10 <0.1 < 10 0.1 < 10 0.1 < 10 <0.1
Diabetes mellitus 3,332 23.2 1,926 21.5 1,406 26.1 853 25.0 486 23.5 367 27.1
Uptake of preventive health measures
Breast cancer screening 1,384 9.6 1,327 14.8 - - 343 10.0 323 15.6 - -
PPV-23 10,478 73.0 6,330 70.7 4,148 76.9 2,512 73.5 1,473 71.4 1,039 76.7
Influenza vaccine 9,586 66.8 5,840 65.2 3,746 69.5 2,263 66.2 1,331 64.5 932 68.8
Recent statin use 6,596 46.0 3,863 43.1 2,733 50.7 1,650 48.3 938 45.4 712 52.6
Recent antihypertensive use 7,535 52.5 4,608 51.4 2,927 54.3 1,801 52.7 1,058 51.3 743 54.9
1

The baseline date was September 1 2013 (the start date of the HZ vaccination program).

2

The length of the MSE-optimal bandwidth was 95.1 weeks for patients without cognitive impairment at baseline and 97.5 weeks for patients living with dementia at baseline.

3

Deciles of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) were calculated based on the 2011 WIMD survey(58).

4

Breast cancer screening was defined as the proportion of women with a record of referral to, attendance at, or a report from “breast cancer screening” or mammography at any time prior to September 1 2013. “PPV-23” was defined as receipt of the pneumococcal vaccine as an adult at any time prior to September 1 2013. “Influenza vaccine” was defined as influenza vaccine receipt in the 12 months preceding September 1 2013. Recent statin and antihypertensive use was defined as a new or repeat prescription of a statin or antihypertensive drug, respectively, in the 12 months preceding September 1 2013.

5

Diabetes mellitus referred to both diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2.

Abbreviations: Sept = September; MSE = mean squared error-optimal; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; PPV-23 = Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine