Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study cohort (mean ± SD, n = 3974).
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.7 ± 22.9 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |
| Men | 1940 (48.8) |
| Women | 2034 (51.2) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | |
| Hypertension | 1168 (29.4) |
| Coronary heart disease | 358 (9.0) |
| Heart failure | 139 (3.5) |
| NYHA class IV | 68 (1.7) |
| COPD | 270 (6.8) |
| GOLD 3 and 4 | 159 (4.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 306 (7.7) |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 171 (4.3) |
| Dialysis | 87 (2.2) |
| Liver disease | 227 (5.7) |
| Nervous system disease | 163 (4.1) |
| Tumour | 282 (7.1) |
| Alcohol abuse, No. (%) | 151 (3.8) |
| Smoking, No. (%) | 755 (19.0) |
| qSOFA score, No. (%)a, b | |
| 0/died | 2139 (53.8)/7 (0.3) |
| 1/died | 1269 (31.9)/114 (9.0) |
| 2/died | 464 (11.7)/61 (13.1) |
| 3/died | 102 (2.6)/92 (90.2) |
| Outcomes, No. (%) | |
| Ventilated patients | 274 (6.9) |
| Patients received catecholamines | 393 (9.9) |
| Sepsisc | 1602 (40.3) |
| In-hospital mortality | 274 (6.9) |
| Mortality from sepsis | 220 (13.7) |
| Mortality not from sepsis | 54 (2.3) |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD: global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; qSOFA: quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SOFA: sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment; LOS: length of stay.
a Score ranges from 0 to 3 [4,5], with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of having severe CAP.
b p < 0.001.
c Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Organ dysfunction can be identified as an acute change in total SOFA score ≥2 points consequent to the infection [4].