| Understanding the situation |
Exploring the patient’s views about underlying reasons for substance use and self-harm |
| Exploring the patient’s understanding of the relationship between substance use and mental health |
| Providing advice on the relationship between substance use and mental health |
| Building motivation for behavioral change |
Asking the patient to discuss the pros and cons of reducing their use of substances and self-harm behaviors |
| Eliciting the patient’s thoughts and feelings about the function of substance use and self-harm in their life |
| Identifying and coping with triggers and urges |
Asking the patient to identify triggers for substance use and self-harm |
| Encouraging the patient to record and discuss examples of antecedent/triggers, behavior, consequence in relation to substance use |
| Encouraging the patient to record and discuss examples of antecedent/triggers, behavior, consequence in relation to self-harm |
| Exploring alternative coping strategies and distraction techniques for managing urges to use substance and self-harm |
| Preparing for change |
Jointly developing a safety plan |
| Jointly developing a plan for change with an explicit focus on both substance use and self-harm |
| Monitoring the patient's progress in engaging with other community resources, e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous or Samaritans |
