Table 3.
The numbers of gains and losses of 1597 disease gene families for each branch of the animal phylogeny compared to the average numbers of non-disease gene families from 1000 random sub-samplings of 1597 of the total number of the non-disease gene families (7446). SD = standard deviation. SE = standard errors of the mean. 99% interval is the upper distribution limit of observations from the mean. Z score is the number of standard deviations of the disease gene numbers away from the mean non-disease gene numbers.
| Disease | Non-disease genes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Average | SD | SE | 99% Interval | Z score | |
| Presence Homo sapiens |
1597 | 1597.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1597 | |
| Mus musculus | 1583 | 1566.0 | 4.82 | 0.15 | 1566.4 | 3.53 |
| Xenopus tropicalis | 1476 | 1323.7 | 13.02 | 0.41 | 1324.7 | 11.70 |
| Fundulus heteroclitus | 1458 | 1259.4 | 14.77 | 0.47 | 1260.5 | 13.44 |
| Danio rerio | 1469 | 1287.5 | 13.89 | 0.44 | 1288.5 | 13.07 |
| Daphnia magna | 917 | 713.0 | 16.66 | 0.53 | 714.2 | 12.24 |
| Daphnia pulex | 963 | 762.2 | 17.16 | 0.54 | 763.5 | 11.70 |
| Anopheles gambiae | 802 | 625.0 | 17.04 | 0.54 | 626.3 | 10.39 |
| Hyalella azteca | 967 | 771.3 | 17.54 | 0.55 | 772.6 | 11.16 |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | 720 | 534.0 | 16.49 | 0.52 | 535.2 | 11.28 |
| Nasonia vitripennis | 887 | 716.1 | 18.15 | 0.57 | 717.4 | 9.41 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | 826 | 644.1 | 17.44 | 0.55 | 645.4 | 10.43 |
| Gains Mammalia |
59 | 182.9 | 11.27 | 0.36 | 183.7 | −11.00 |
| Tetrapoda | 33 | 71.5 | 7.26 | 0.23 | 72.0 | −5.30 |
| Vertebrata | 372 | 401.9 | 15.44 | 0.49 | 403.0 | −1.94 |
| Bilateria | 1133 | 940.7 | 16.92 | 0.53 | 941.9 | 11.37 |
| Losses Fish | 12 | 23.7 | 4.30 | 0.14 | 24.0 | −2.72 |
| Cladocera | 62 | 71.6 | 7.36 | 0.23 | 72.1 | −1.30 |
| Crustacea | 29 | 35.6 | 5.36 | 0.17 | 36.0 | −1.23 |
| Diptera | 63 | 73.6 | 7.06 | 0.22 | 74.1 | −1.50 |
| Hexapoda | 145 | 139.8 | 9.93 | 0.31 | 140.5 | 0.52 |
| Arthropoda | 20 | 16.8 | 3.54 | 0.11 | 17.1 | 0.90 |
| Mus musculus | 14 | 31.0 | 4.82 | 0.15 | 31.4 | −3.53 |
| Xenopus tropicalis | 62 | 90.4 | 7.92 | 0.25 | 91.0 | −3.59 |
| Fundulus heteroclitus | 35 | 59.6 | 6.71 | 0.21 | 60.1 | −3.67 |
| Danio rerio | 24 | 31.5 | 5.11 | 0.16 | 31.9 | −1.47 |
| Daphnia magna | 105 | 103.8 | 8.60 | 0.27 | 104.4 | 0.14 |
| Daphnia pulex | 59 | 54.6 | 6.55 | 0.21 | 55.1 | 0.67 |
| Anopheles gambiae | 103 | 85.5 | 7.82 | 0.25 | 86.1 | 2.24 |
| Hyalella azteca | 117 | 117.0 | 8.99 | 0.28 | 117.7 | 0.00 |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | 413 | 406.6 | 15.60 | 0.49 | 407.7 | 0.41 |
| Nasonia vitripennis | 81 | 68.0 | 6.92 | 0.22 | 68.5 | 1.88 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | 79 | 66.4 | 6.99 | 0.22 | 66.9 | 1.80 |