HepB-CpG recipients | HepB-alum recipients | Total | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
N = 81 n (%) |
N = 125 n (%) |
N = 206 n (%) |
|
Medicaid enrollment, ever from conception to vaccination * | 9 (11.1) | 19 (15.2) | 27 (13.1) | .40 |
Duration of membership prior to conception | .37 | |||
None (enrolled after conception) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.6) | 4 (1.9) | |
<1 month | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
1 - <6 months | 11 (13.6) | 13 (10.4) | 24 (11.7) | |
6 months - <1 year | 5 (6.2) | 16 (12.8) | 21 (10.2) | |
≥1 year | 62 (76.5) | 94 (75.2) | 156 (75.7) | |
Duration of membership from conception to vaccination | .14 | |||
N/A (vaccination prior to conception) | 45 (55.6) | 49 (39.2) | 94 (45.6) | |
<1 month | 18 (22.2) | 41 (32.8) | 59 (28.6) | |
1 - <4 months | 11 (13.6) | 20 (16.0) | 31 (15.0) | |
≥4 months | 7 (8.6) | 15 (12.0) | 22 (10.7) | |
History of gestational diabetes in year prior to conception | 6 (7.4) | 7 (5.6) | 13 (6.3) | .60 |
Hypertension in year prior to conception | 8 (9.9) | 8 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | .36 |
Substance use disorder in year prior to conception | 1 (1.2) | 5 (4.0) | 6 (2.9) | .25 |
Alcohol use disorder in year prior to conception | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
Mental health disorder in year prior to conception | 1 (1.2) | 5 (4.0) | 6 (2.9) | .25 |
Smoking during current pregnancy | .08 | |||
No | 62 (76.5) | 79 (63.2) | 141 (68.4) | |
Yes | 4 (4.9) | 5 (4.0) | 9 (4.4) | |
Unknown | 15 (18.5) | 41 (32.8) | 56 (27.2) | |
Charlson comorbidity index in year prior to conception | .30 | |||
0 | 46 (56.8) | 83 (66.4) | 129 (62.6) | |
1 | 24 (29.6) | 29 (23.2) | 53 (25.7) | |
2 | 8 (9.9) | 12 (9.6) | 20 (9.7) | |
3+ | 3 (3.7) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (1.9) | |
Individual Charlson comorbidities | ||||
Congestive heart failure | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
Dementia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6 (7.4) | 9 (7.2) | 15 (7.3) | .96 |
Connective tissue/rheumatic disease | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | .21 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Mild liver disease | 1 (1.2) | 5 (4.0) | 6 (2.9) | .25 |
Moderate/severe liver disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Diabetes without complications | 25 (30.9) | 25 (20.0) | 50 (24.3) | .08 |
Diabetes with complications | 6 (7.4) | 7 (5.6) | 13 (6.3) | .60 |
Paraplegia and hemiplegia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
Renal disease | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | .08 |
Cancer | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | .21 |
Metastatic carcinoma | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
AIDS/HIV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Date of conception | .80 | |||
January-December 2018 | 19 (23.5) | 33 (26.4) | 52 (25.2) | |
January-December 2019 | 38 (46.9) | 53 (42.4) | 91 (44.2) | |
January-November 2020 | 24 (29.6) | 39 (31.2) | 63 (30.6) | |
Single/multiple gestation | .25 | |||
Singleton pregnancy | 81 (100.0) | 123 (98.4) | 204 (99.0) | |
Multiple gestation | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.0) | |
Any inpatient visit in year prior to vaccination | 5 (6.2) | 10 (8.0) | 15 (7.3) | .62 |
Any emergency department visit in year prior to vaccination | 19 (23.5) | 29 (23.2) | 48 (23.3) | .97 |
Number of outpatient visits in year prior to conception | .64 | |||
0 | 7 (8.6) | 5 (4.0) | 12 (5.8) | |
1 | 5 (6.2) | 6 (4.8) | 11 (5.3) | |
2-4 | 15 (18.5) | 26 (20.8) | 41 (19.9) | |
5-9 | 25 (30.9) | 45 (36.0) | 70 (34.0) | |
10+ | 29 (35.8) | 43 (34.4) | 72 (35.0) | |
Number of prior pregnancies | .40 | |||
0 | 21 (25.9) | 25 (20.0) | 46 (22.3) | |
1 | 22 (27.2) | 29 (23.2) | 51 (24.8) | |
2+ | 32 (39.5) | 54 (43.2) | 86 (41.7) | |
Missing | 6 (7.4) | 17 (13.6) | 23 (11.2) | |
Number of prior live births | .15 | |||
0 | 31 (38.3) | 38 (30.4) | 69 (33.5) | |
1 | 20 (24.7) | 43 (34.4) | 63 (30.6) | |
2+ | 24 (29.6) | 27 (21.6) | 51 (24.8) | |
Missing | 6 (7.4) | 17 (13.6) | 23 (11.2) | |
Number of prior pregnancies not ending in live birth | .44 | |||
0 | 47 (58.0) | 64 (51.2) | 111 (53.9) | |
1 | 19 (23.5) | 26 (20.8) | 45 (21.8) | |
2+ | 9 (11.1) | 18 (14.4) | 27 (13.1) | |
Missing | 6 (7.4) | 17 (13.6) | 23 (11.2) | |
Complications of current pregnancy | ||||
Gestational diabetes | 14 (11.2) | 9 (11.1) | 23 (11.2) | .98 |
Preeclampsia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.0) | .08 |
Autoimmune disease | 1 (0.8) | 4 (4.9) | 5 (2.4) | .76 |
COVID-19 disease | 1 (0.8) | 4 (4.9) | 5 (2.4) | .06 |
Other vaccinations between conception and hepatitis B vaccination (excluding the hepatitis B vaccination date) | ||||
Influenza | 10 (12.3) | 26 (20.8) | 36 (17.5) | .12 |
Pneumococcal | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
COVID-19 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
HPV | 1 (1.2) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (1.9) | .55 |
HepA | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | .21 |
Hib | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Japanese encephalitis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
MMR | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Meningococcal | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Polio | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Rabies | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Tdap | 5 (6.2) | 9 (7.2) | 14 (6.8) | .77 |
Td | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Typhoid | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Varicella | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
Yellow fever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Zoster | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Other vaccinations between hepatitis B vaccination and end of pregnancy (excluding hepatitis B vaccination date) | ||||
Influenza | 36 (44.4) | 45 (36.0) | 81 (39.3) | .23 |
Pneumococcal | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | N/A |
COVID-19 | 3 (3.7) | 2 (1.6) | 5 (2.4) | .34 |
HPV | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | N/A |
HepA | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Hib | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Japanese encephalitis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
MMR | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.0) | .25 |
Meningococcal | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Polio | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Rabies | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Tdap | 61 (75.3) | 72 (57.6) | 133 (64.6) | <.01 |
Td | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Typhoid | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Varicella | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Yellow fever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Zoster | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Other concomitant vaccinations on hepatitis B vaccination date | ||||
Yes | 32 (39.5) | 47 (37.6) | 79 (38.3) | .78 |
Influenza | 18 (22.2) | 21 (16.8) | 39 (18.9) | .33 |
Pneumococcal | 9 (11.1) | 12 (9.6) | 21 (10.2) | .73 |
COVID-19 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
HPV | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.4) | 3 (1.5) | .16 |
HepA | 1 (1.2) | 4 (3.2) | 5 (2.4) | .37 |
Hib | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Japanese encephalitis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
MMR | 4 (4.9) | 11 (8.8) | 15 (7.3) | .30 |
Meningococcal | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | .76 |
Polio | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Rabies | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Tdap | 2 (2.5) | 7 (5.6) | 9 (4.4) | .28 |
Td | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Typhoid | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Varicella | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.8) | 6 (2.9) | .05 |
Yellow fever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Zoster | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable; HPV, human papillomavirus; HepA, hepatitis A; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type B; MMR, measles, mumps, rubella; Tdap, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis; Td, tetanus-diphtheria.
*Vaccination refers to the first hepatitis B dose during the period from 28 d prior to conception through the end of pregnancy.