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. 2024 Jun 6;36(9):3543–3561. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koae166

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — The overexpression of PDLP5 and PDLP6 leads to different starch overaccumulation patterns. A) Starch staining of Arabidopsis plants. Top panel: 4-wk-old plants grown under a standard light intensity used for Arabidopsis growth condition (110 µmol/m²/s); lower panel: 5-wk-old plants that were irradiated with high light (200 µmol/m²/s) for 10 d before staining. Samples were collected at the end of the night for starch staining using Lugol's iodine solution. Images were taken using the same magnification. Scale bar = 1 cm. B) Quantification of sucrose and starch contents in leaves of high light-treated plants at the end of the night. Mature leaves from 3 plants were combined to form a single replicate. The plots show the mean with Sd (n = 4). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences analyzed with a 2-tailed t-test (*P < 0.01). C) Quantification of starch content in leaves of high light-treated plants at various time points. The “0 h” designation represents the end of the day; 0.5, 1, and 2 h indicate time points following the end of the day. Mature leaves from 3 plants were combined to form a single replicate. The plots show the mean with Sd (n = 3). The values at 0.5, 1, and 2 h time points were compared with that at 0 h for each genotype. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences analyzed with a 2-tailed t-test (*P < 0.01). ns, no significance. D) Changes in starch content relative to the end of the day at different time points. The plots show the mean with Sd (n = 3). The values at 0.5, 1, and 2 h time points were compared with that at 0 h for each genotype. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences analyzed with a 2-tailed t-test (*P < 0.01). ns, no significance. E) Starch accumulation patterns in source leaves of different genotypes. Images were captured with the same magnification. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. F) TEM images show the starch granules in chloroplasts in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of mature leaves. MC, mesophyll cell; BS, bundle sheath cell. Scale bars = 2 µm.