Figure 1.

(A) Experimental setup: The participant was instructed to play an eight-beat drumming pattern on a drum kit at a tempo of 80 beats per minute (BPM) and to verbally report any occurrences of dystonia symptoms. (B) The pattern involved playing the high-hat, snare drum, and bass drum. For the bass drum, the participant was required to strike two notes per bar: the first on the initial beat and the second as a syncopation of the third beat, represented by orange and green notes, respectively. A bar consisted of four metronome tones, indicated by dashed vertical lines, denoting the beats of the drumming pattern. (C) Occurrence of dystonia symptoms across four trials: Forty-two instances of symptoms were reported; 31 occurred solely on the first note in a bar, 5 occurred only on the second note, and 3 occurred on both the first and second notes, as indicated by orange, green, and blue vertical lines, respectively.