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. 2024 Sep 3;15:7671. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51194-z

Fig. 1. Schematics of the biological visual system and the photoelectrochemical synapse.

Fig. 1

a Schematic of biological visual system (top) and photoelectrochemical synapse (bottom). Both biological synapses and photoelectrochemical synapses operate through electrolyte-mediated chemical-electric processes in aqueous environments. Additionally, the photoelectrochemical synapses also rely on internal physical (photo-electric) processes involving hole/electron transfer behaviors. b Schematic of the synaptic activity modulation by physical (left) and chemical approaches (right) in the photoelectrochemical synapses. By manipulating the physical dynamics, the device can switch between current mode and voltage mode, showing short-term and long-term plasticity, respectively. Through the application of chemical methods, including surface chemical modification and varying the electrolyte environment, synaptic responses can be regulated.