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. 2024 Aug 20;3:e55820. doi: 10.2196/55820

Table 8.

The details of implementing bias mitigation for the neural network model using Adam.

Sociodemographic conditions Optimal threshold Recall Specificity Accuracy Differencea
Sex 22.70


4.35 b

Male
78.5 95.81 95.73

Female
81.48 94.37 94.27
Marital status 0.60


1.53

Never been married
100 65.43 65.64

Other groups of marital status
100 66.96 67.17
Working condition 35.40


1.26

Working >35 hours
77.78 96.75 96.68

Other groups of working condition
78.13 95.84 95.70
Race 5.90


4.95

White
96.55 90.11 90.15

Black
100 88.61 88.66
Income 45.60


15.18

An income of <US $20,000
80 94.48 94.34

Other groups of income
67.74 97.40 97.24

aDifference between recall and specificity after bias mitigation.

bItalicized values indicate an improvement compared to the initial values (50% threshold).