Table 8.
The details of implementing bias mitigation for the neural network model using Adam.
| Sociodemographic conditions | Optimal threshold | Recall | Specificity | Accuracy | Differencea | |
| Sex | 22.70 |
|
|
|
4.35 b | |
|
|
Male |
|
78.5 | 95.81 | 95.73 |
|
|
|
Female |
|
81.48 | 94.37 | 94.27 |
|
| Marital status | 0.60 |
|
|
|
1.53 | |
|
|
Never been married |
|
100 | 65.43 | 65.64 |
|
|
|
Other groups of marital status |
|
100 | 66.96 | 67.17 |
|
| Working condition | 35.40 |
|
|
|
1.26 | |
|
|
Working >35 hours |
|
77.78 | 96.75 | 96.68 |
|
|
|
Other groups of working condition |
|
78.13 | 95.84 | 95.70 |
|
| Race | 5.90 |
|
|
|
4.95 | |
|
|
White |
|
96.55 | 90.11 | 90.15 |
|
|
|
Black |
|
100 | 88.61 | 88.66 |
|
| Income | 45.60 |
|
|
|
15.18 | |
|
|
An income of <US $20,000 |
|
80 | 94.48 | 94.34 |
|
|
|
Other groups of income |
|
67.74 | 97.40 | 97.24 |
|
aDifference between recall and specificity after bias mitigation.
bItalicized values indicate an improvement compared to the initial values (50% threshold).