Table 1. Characteristics of Parients in the CHAMPS Cohort With Neurological Involvement Before Deatha.
| Characteristic | Type of neurological involvement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any neurological sign or symptomb | Seizures at presentation | Seizures during hospitalization | Loss of consciousness | Altered mental statusc | Meningeal signsd | |
| Total | 727/1330 (54.7) | 206/776 (26.5) | 301/893 (33.7) | 170/1024 (16.6) | 472/1030 (45.8) | 30/272 (11.0) |
| Age, median (IQR), d | 11 (2-324) | 187 (5-728) | 13 (3-286) | 99 (1-566) | 9 (1-325) | 72 (4-575) |
| Age group | ||||||
| Neonates | 400/801 (49.9) | 75/476 (15.8) | 174/580 (30.0) | 77/612 (12.6) | 262/605 (43.3) | 12/194 (6.2) |
| Infants | 155/253 (61.3) | 50/132 (37.9) | 58/147 (39.5) | 39/190 (20.5) | 99/198 (50.0) | 8/39 (20.5) |
| Children | 172/276 (62.3) | 81/168 (48.2) | 69/166 (41.6) | 54/222 (24.3) | 111/227 (48.9) | 10/39 (25.6) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 319/584 (54.6) | 103/356 (28.9) | 140/402 (34.8) | 68/449 (15.1) | 204/448 (45.5) | 11/109 (10.1) |
| Male | 408/745 (54.8) | 103/419 (24.6) | 161/490 (32.9) | 102/574 (17.8) | 268/581 (46.1) | 19/162 (11.7) |
| Not determined | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 |
| HIV status | ||||||
| Positive | 41/71 (57.7) | 8/40 (20.0) | 10/43 (23.3) | 9/63 (14.3) | 33/62 (53.2) | 1/13 (7.7) |
| Exposed and uninfected | 141/240 (58.8) | 34/120 (28.3) | 71/172 (41.3) | 30/179 (16.8) | 84/177 (47.4) | 5/53 (9.4) |
| Uninfected or unknown | 545/1019 (53.5) | 164/616 (26.6) | 220/678 (32.4) | 131/782 (16.8) | 355/791 (44.9) | 24/206 (11.7) |
| Malnourished | 99/162 (61.1) | 22/108 (20.4) | 29/119 (24.3) | 20/143 (14.0) | 77/144 (53.5) | 8/40 (20.0) |
| Fever | 188/298 (63.1) | 82/181 (45.3) | 91/186 (48.9) | 65/252 (25.8) | 123/255 (48.2) | 11/56 (19.6) |
| Traditional medicine | 91/161 (56.5) | 35/108 (32.4) | 30/106 (28.3) | 30/131 (22.9) | 65/133 (48.9) | 6/25 (24.0) |
| Lumbar puncture performed | 76/95 (80.0) | 21/35 (60.0) | 47/67 (70.1) | 13/67 (19.4) | 42/67 (62.9) | 4/16 (25.0) |
| Antibiotic treatment | 583/1024 (56.9) | 165/624 (26.4) | 269/709 (37.9) | 137/846 (16.2) | 375/845 (44.4) | 21/225 (9.3) |
| Malaria testing | ||||||
| Performed | 176/301 (58.5) | 68/207 (32.9) | 79/222 (35.6) | 63/261 (24.1) | 125/264 (47.3) | 14/73 (19.2) |
| Positive result | 60/95 (63.2) | 32/56 (57.1) | 31/60 (51.7) | 29/83 (34.9) | 38/84 (45.2) | 3/13 (23.1) |
| Antimalarial treatment | 98/155 (63.2) | 50/97 (51.5) | 51/101 (50.5) | 39/126 (31.0) | 53/126 (42.1) | 1/17 (5.9) |
Abbreviation: CHAMPS, Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance.
a
Unless noted otherwise, data are presented as No./total No. (%) of patients. Data are shown for the top 5 neurological signs observed. A complete case analysis approach was used for each sign.
b
Includes less frequent symptoms, such as focal neurological deficits, decortication, and decerebration posturing, for which specific data are not represented.
c
Includes lethargy, confusion, agitation, and listlessness.
d
Includes any of the following: nuchal rigidity, positive Brudzinski sign, positive Kernig sign, or bulging fontanelle.