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. 2022 Jan 21;1(1):100011. doi: 10.1016/j.inpm.2022.100011

Table 1.

In- and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Exclusion
  • O

    Age between 18 and 65 years

  • o

    Pain (minimal VAS 5 Mean) for at least three months

  • o

    Pain nonresponsive to conservative treatment

  • o

    At least 50% disc height remaining on MRI or CT scan

  • o

    Positive result of provocative discography according to the SIS Guidelines.
  • o

    Modic Changes

  • o

    Pregnancy

  • o

    Anticoagulants

  • o

    Systemic infections at injection site

  • o

    Contrast allergy

  • o

    Psychiatric disorder according to DSM 4 (screening with 4DKL questionnaire)

  • o

    Solid bony fusion resulting in inaccessible disc

  • o

    Severe spinal stenosis at corresponding disc level

  • o

    Bulging disc >5 ​mm, extrusions, or isolated fragments in the spinal canal

  • o

    Spondylolisthesis grade 2 or more

  • o

    Radicular/sciatic pain