Table 4.

Drugs contraindicated in this study

Dapsone
Sulphonamides
Methylene blue
Nalidixic acid
Nitrofurantoin
Niridazole
Aspirin
Traditional medicines
The following drugs may have a possible risk of haemolysis:
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin
Chloroquine
The following drugs are considered to be of doubtful risk of haemolysis:
Chloramphenicol
Quinine
The following drugs may increase the exposure of PQ metabolism by inhibiting the cytochrome (CYP) 450 and should not be prescribed by the research team unless clinically essential:
Ketoconazole, itraconazole
Cimetidine
Grapefruit juice
Erythromycin
Ritonavir
The following drugs may decrease the exposure of PQ, by inducing CYP450. They should not be prescribed by the research team unless clinically essential:
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Macrolide antibiotics
Glucocorticoids
The following drug classes are metabolised by CYP2D6 and may compete with PQ [47]. They should not be prescribed by the research team unless clinically essential:
Tricyclic antidepressants, e.g. amitriptyline
Major tranquilisers: haloperidol
Atypical antipsychotics: risperidone
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: paroxetine
Beta blockers, e.g. carvedilol, metoprolol
Opiates: codeine, tramadol
The following drugs are CYP2D6 inhibitors and may reduce the concentrations of PQ’s active oxidative metabolites. They should not be prescribed by the research team unless clinically essential:
Amiodarone
Cimetidine
Diphenhydramine, terbinafine
Fluoxetine, paroxetine
Quinidine
Ritonavir