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. 2024 Sep 4;10(36):eadn1466. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adn1466

Fig. 3. Genetic structure of the floury maize races based on morphological and genomic data in the main lowland ecoregions of South America.

Fig. 3.

(A) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed based on key descriptors for the classification of maize races from 22 maize accessions, with 20 accessions representing the floury maize races of lowland South America and two archaeological samples of maize from Peruaçu Valley, MG. The graphs generated considered the group numbers of K = 2, K = 3, and K = 4. (B) Ward cluster analysis of the 22 maize accessions based on the Gower index, performed using morphometric descriptors of the maize races. *Races of floury maize from Brazil described in the literature for lowland South America (16). (C) Cluster analysis of 13 accessions representing the floury maize races from lowland South America performed by the neighbor-joining method based on 5313 SNP markers. (D) Main lowland ecoregions of South America (62, 63) and location of the floury maize races. Photo credits: Flaviane Malaquias Costa, Universidade de São Paulo.