TABLE 5.

Summary of selected studies highlighting the role of EGFR signalling in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Number	Model	Methodology	Findings/Results/Conclusion relevant to EGFR	Study Reference
1	Review Paper	EGFR activation by various ligands, in different tissues and pathologies	CTGF/CCN2 binds with EGFR and results in the regulation of kidney inflammation, cell growth, and fibrosis	Rayego-Mateos et al. (2018b)
2	Human proximal tubular epithelial cells and NRK-49F rat renal fibroblasts	Rac enhances tubulointerstitial fibrosis and (CKD)	Rac-GTPase enhances fibrotic TGF- β1 signaling as well as CKD through multiple pathways including EGFR	Patel et al. (2019)
3	Mouse models of LCN2−/− and LCN2+/+	Lcn2 function in the regulation of EGFR trafficking	Lcn2 amplifies the cell surface expression of EGFR	Yammine et al. (2019)
4	Injured kidneys In vitro proximal tubule cells and primary tubular cells and different mice models	Knockout AREG in proximal tubule cells of either ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice	Amphiregulin amplifies and plays a main role in profibrotic signals in vitro and is needed for fibrosis that resulted from an injury in mice	Kefaloyianni et al. (2019)
5	Different mice models, including ADAM17ex/ex mice	AREG and its profibrotic actions in the mice models	ADAM17 pathway activation in proximal tubules results in activating EGFR and hence fibrosis post kidney injury	Kefaloyianni et al. (2016), Rintala et al. (2016)
6	Review Paper	EGFR activation and its association with renal fibrogenesis post-AKI	Severe AKI results in sustained would lead to fibrogenesis after 28 days	Tang et al. (2013b)
7	EGFR mutant (Wa-2) mice	Halting EGFR using gefitinib and EGFR mutated mice	EGFR deactivation in decreases the complications of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity	Xu, L et al. (2019)
8	Rats treated with rat bone marrow = derived mesenchymal stem cells post = AKI	In vitro induction of AKI to evaluate miR-146b in renal tubular epithelial cells	Enhanced proliferation of injured renal TECs after inducing ErbB4 post-miR-146b inhibition	Zhu, Y et al. (2016)
9	Renal interstitial fibroblasts of rats and immortalized mice renal PTC	Exposure of fibroblasts to necrotic RPTC supernatant (RPTC-Sup)	Renal fibroblasts were inhibited from substances released by the damaged fibroblasts via dephosphorylation of EGFR by PTP1B activation mechanism	Ponnusamy et al. (2013)