TABLE 1.
Participant Demographics and Study Variables
| Overall, n (%) | Intervention group, n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | N=4130 | Pre, N=2383 | Post, N=1747 | N Missing | P * |
| Age, median (IQR) | 52 (38–64) | 53 (39–63) | 52 (37–64) | 185 | 0.8 |
| Gender | 186 | 0.047 | |||
| Female | 1945 (49) | 1097 (48) | 848 (51) | ||
| Male | 1999 (51) | 1190 (52) | 809 (49) | ||
| Race | 44 | 0.036 | |||
| American Indian or AK Native | 119 (2.9) | 79 (3.3) | 40 (2.3) | ||
| Asian | 53 (1.3) | 27 (1.1) | 26 (1.5) | ||
| Black or African-American | 80 (2.0) | 50 (2.1) | 30 (1.7) | ||
| Other | 240 (5.9) | 139 (5.9) | 101 (5.8) | ||
| Other Pacific Islander | 48 (1.2) | 34 (1.4) | 14 (0.8) | ||
| Unknown | 192 (4.7) | 96 (4.1) | 96 (5.6) | ||
| White or Caucasian | 3354 (82) | 1934 (82) | 1420 (82) | ||
| Ethnicity | 44 | 0.11 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 291 (7.1) | 172 (7.3) | 119 (6.9) | ||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 3561 (87) | 2067 (88) | 1494 (87) | ||
| Unknown | 234 (5.7) | 120 (5.1) | 114 (6.6) | ||
| Insurance | 171 | 0.068 | |||
| Commercial | 1818 (46) | 1032 (45) | 786 (47) | ||
| Medicaid | 743 (19) | 453 (20) | 290 (17) | ||
| Medicare | 1216 (31) | 697 (31) | 519 (31) | ||
| Other | 103 (2.6) | 58 (2.5) | 45 (2.7) | ||
| Workers comp | 79 (2.0) | 36 (1.6) | 43 (2.6) | ||
| Planned admission | 1294 (32) | 638 (27) | 656 (38) | 24 | <0.001 |
| COVID positive | 387 (9.8) | 262 (12) | 125(7.2) | 175 | <0.001 |
| LACE total score, median (IQR) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 45 | <0.001 |
| Hospital unit | 0 | <0.001 | |||
| Surgical A | 940 (23) | 375 (16) | 565 (32) | ||
| Surgical B | 1456 (35) | 687 (29) | 769 (44) | ||
| Medicine A | 551 (13) | 422 (18) | 129 (7.4) | ||
| Medicine B | 727 (18) | 579 (24) | 148 (8.5) | ||
| Medicine C | 456 (11) | 320 (13) | 136 (7.8) | ||
| Discharge destination | 19 | 0.2 | |||
| Home | 2953 (72) | 1685 (71) | 1268 (73) | ||
| Home health | 767 (19) | 443 (19) | 324 (19) | ||
| Skilled nursing | 308 (7.5) | 187 (7.9) | 121 (7.0) | ||
| Long-term acute care | 19 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | ||
| Other | 64 (1.6) | 44 (1.9) | 20 (1.2) | ||
| Family interaction documented | 1978 (69) | 1023 (67) | 955 (72) | 1264 | 0.004 |
| Discharged after 2 pm | 2408 (59) | 1403 (59) | 1005 (58) | 45 | 0.4 |
| RHDS total, median, n (IQR) | 8.75 (7.50–9.38) | 8.75 (7.63–9.38) | 8.63 (7.50–9.38) | 0 | 0.2 |
| PDCDS total, median, n (IQR) | 2.90 (1.50–4.30) | 2.70 (1.35–4.30) | 3.10 (1.80–4.40) | 3377 | 0.063 |
| 30-day rehospitalization | 926 (23) | 629 (27) | 297 (17) | 44 | <0.001 |
| 30-day ED visit | 565 (14) | 370 (16) | 195 (11) | 44 | <0.001 |
*
Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s χ2 test.
ED indicates emergency department; IQR, interquartile range; LACE, LACE Index Scoring Tool for Risk Assessment of Death and Readmission; PDCDS, Post-Discharge Coping Difficulties Scale; RHDS, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale.