1. Classfications of catheter ablation.
Type of AF | Basal technics | Skills | Combined Skills |
Paroxysmal | PVI: targeted at ablation of the muscular sleeves | Ostial PVI | |
Circular ostials PVI | |||
Segmental PVI | |||
PV ablation (Circumferential PV ablation, CPVA) | |||
Circumferential PV isolation (CPVI) | |||
Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) | |||
Ablation of autonomic plexuses | |||
Combined approaches | PVI plus ablation of vein of Marshall | ||
PVI plus ablation of superior vena cava | |||
Inducibility guided additional ablation targeting the substrate | |||
Adding Mitral isthmus line | |||
Adding roofline | |||
PVI plus CFAE | |||
Combinations of more than 2 techniques | |||
Double/single Lasso technique | |||
PV antrum isolation | PV antrum isolation guided by ICE | ||
Wide anatomic circumferential ablation: encircling the PVs within the left atrium | |||
Persistent | PVI alone | ||
Linear lesions | Mitral isthmus ablation | ||
Roofline ablation | |||
Ablation of anterior left atrial line | |||
Combined approaches | PVI plus Mitral ablation | ||
PVI plus roofline ablation | |||
PVI plus ablation of anterior left atrial line | |||
Stepwise ablation techniques | Ablation of focal source in addition to PV foci | ||
Double atrium ablation |
PV: Pulmonary vein; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; ICE: Intracardiac Echocardiography.