Table 2.

Integration of laboratory services.

Integrated service	Components	Key activities	Benefits
Antenatal care (ANC)	HIV testing, PMTCT counseling	Routine HIV screening during ANC visits, Immediate initiation of PMTCT interventions	Early identification of HIV-positive pregnant women, Reduction in MTCT rates
HIV treatment services	CD4 count monitoring, viral load testing	Regular monitoring of HIV-infected individuals on ART, Early detection of treatment failure	Timely adjustments to treatment regimens, Improved patient outcomes
Maternal and child health clinics	Early infant diagnosis (EID)	Prompt testing of HIV-exposed infants, Immediate initiation of treatment if positive	Reduction in infant morbidity and mortality related to HIV

ART, antiretroviral therapy; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission; PMTCT, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission.