Table 2.
Usual intakes of vitamins stratified by sex and age group in 1- to 19-year-old Greek children and adolescents and percentage of the population having usual micronutrient intakes below the estimated average requirement: data from Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey
| Boys | Girls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | P25, P75 | EAR | <EAR (%) | Median | P25, P75 | EAR | <EAR (%) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 388 | 326, 544 | 210 | 4·7 | 407 | 325, 462 | 210 | 4·1 |
| 4–8 years | 460 | 360, 593 | 275 | 6·5 | 451 | 439, 469 | 275 | 0·0 |
| 9–13 years | 525 | 383, 750 | 445 | 33·3 | 563 | 420, 756 | 420 | 24·2 |
| 14–18 years | 539 | 416, 683 | 630 | 70·3 | 447 | 434, 454 | 485 | 100·0 |
| 19 years | 503 | 411, 1008 | 625 | 64·3 | 475 | 272, 785 | 500 | 53·1 |
| Vitamin D (mcg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 2·1 | 1·7, 2·4 | 10·0 | 100·0 | 1·6 | 1·4, 2·3 | 10·0 | 98·0 |
| 4–8 years | 1·9 | 1·1, 3·5 | 10·0 | 98·9 | 2·0 | 1·6, 2·8 | 10·0 | 100·0 |
| 9–13 years | 2·3 | 1·5, 3·4 | 10·0 | 100·0 | 2·0 | 1·6, 3·0 | 10·0 | 98·4 |
| 14–18 years | 2·2 | 1·9, 2·5 | 10·0 | 100·0 | 2·0 | 1·8, 2·2 | 10·0 | 100 |
| 19 years | 3·6 | 1·9, 5·6 | 10·0 | 85·7 | 2·2 | 1·8, 2·5 | 10·0 | 100 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 5·0 | 4·6, 5·3 | 5·0 | 51·2 | 4·5 | 3·4, 5·6 | 5·0 | 63·3 |
| 4–8 years | 5·5 | 5·1, 5·9 | 6·0 | 76·1 | 5·1 | 4·1, 7·4 | 6·0 | 61·6 |
| 9–13 years | 6·1 | 4·9, 7·8 | 9·0 | 88·4 | 6·8 | 5·2, 8·1 | 9·0 | 83·9 |
| 14–18 years | 7·7 | 6·0, 9·3 | 12·0 | 96·9 | 6·0 | 4·8, 7·3 | 12·0 | 98·5 |
| 19 years | 7·4 | 6·2, 10·1 | 12·0 | 92·9 | 7·6 | 5·3, 9·2 | 12·0 | 93·8 |
| Vitamin K (mcg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 16 | 12, 21 | 30* | 93·0 | 14 | 12, 22 | 30* | 89·8 |
| 4–8 years | 18 | 15, 20 | 55* | 100·0 | 19 | 14, 23 | 55* | 100·0 |
| 9–13 years | 21 | 13, 29 | 60* | 92·8 | 21 | 10, 27 | 60* | 96·8 |
| 14–18 years | 26 | 17, 46 | 75* | 95·3 | 20 | 16, 28 | 75* | 100·0 |
| 19 years | 33 | 9, 50 | 120* | 85·7 | 36 | 18, 78 | 90* | 75·0 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 52 | 24, 77 | 13 | 7·0 | 43 | 3, 50 | 13 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 52 | 35, 67 | 22 | 13·0 | 52 | 34, 72 | 22 | 9·3 |
| 9–13 years | 47 | 40, 54 | 39 | 18·8 | 56 | 36, 87 | 39 | 27·4 |
| 14–18 years | 68 | 46, 97 | 63 | 42·2 | 48 | 41, 52 | 56 | 83·3 |
| 19 years | 60 | 44, 78 | 75 | 71·4 | 87 | 41, 108 | 60 | 37·5 |
| Thiamin (mg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 1·2 | 1·1, 1·4 | 0·4 | 0·0 | 1·2 | 1·1, 1·3 | 0·4 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·5 | 0·5 | 0·0 | 1·3 | 1·2, 1·5 | 0·5 | 0·0 |
| 9–13 years | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·6 | 0·7 | 0·0 | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·7 | 0·7 | 0·0 |
| 14–18 years | 1·5 | 1·4, 1·5 | 1·0 | 0·0 | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·6 | 0·9 | 1·5 |
| 19 years | 1·8 | 1·3, 2·0 | 1·0 | 0·0 | 1·7 | 1·4, 2·1 | 1·0 | 3·1 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 1·5 | 1·4, 1·9 | 0·4 | 0·0 | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·7 | 0·4 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 1·7 | 1·5, 2·0 | 0·5 | 0·0 | 1·6 | 1·3, 2·1 | 0·5 | 0·0 |
| 9–13 years | 1·8 | 1·6, 1·9 | 0·8 | 0·0 | 1·8 | 1·5, 2·1 | 0·8 | 0·0 |
| 14–18 years | 1·8 | 1·7, 1·9 | 1·1 | 0·0 | 1·7 | 1·5, 1·9 | 0·9 | 1·5 |
| 19 years | 2·0 | 1·7, 2·6 | 1·1 | 0·0 | 2·0 | 1·6, 2·4 | 0·9 | 0·0 |
| Niacin (mg) | ||||||||
| –3 years | 10 | 8, 12 | 5 | 2·3 | 11 | 10, 12 | 5 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 12 | 10, 16 | 6 | 3·3 | 12 | 11, 13 | 6 | 2·3 |
| 9–13 years | 13 | 11, 19 | 9 | 14·5 | 13 | 11, 15 | 9 | 3·2 |
| 14–18 years | 20 | 14, 25 | 12 | 14·1 | 14 | 12, 17 | 11 | 16·7 |
| 19 years | 20 | 15, 34 | 12 | 14·3 | 15 | 14, 18 | 11 | 3·1 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg)† | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 3·0 | 2·6, 3·5 | 2·0* | 0·0 | 3·1 | 2·9, 3·5 | 2·0* | 0·0 |
| 4–8 year | 3·3 | 2·5, 4·1 | 3·0* | 37·0 | 3·1 | 2·8, 3·4 | 3·0* | 39·5 |
| 9–13 years | 3·2 | 3·0, 3·3 | 4·0* | 98·6 | 3·3 | 2·6, 4·1 | 4·0* | 67·7 |
| 14–18 years | 3·9 | 3·2, 4·7 | 5·0* | 81·3 | 3·1 | 2·4, 3·9 | 5·0* | 90·9 |
| 19 years | 4·2 | 2·7, 5·4 | 5·0* | 71·4 | 3·4 | 2·6, 3·9 | 5·0* | 93·8 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·4 | 0·4 | 0·0 | 1·1 | 0·9, 1·3 | 0·4 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·6 | 0·5 | 0·0 | 1·3 | 1·0, 1·7 | 0·5 | 0·0 |
| 9–13 years | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·7 | 0·8 | 0·0 | 1·6 | 1·3, 2·0 | 0·8 | 3·2 |
| 14–18 years | 1·8 | 1·6, 2·1 | 1·1 | 3·1 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·0 | 6·1 |
| 19 years | 2·1 | 1·6, 2·6 | 1·1 | 7·1 | 1·5 | 1·4, 2·1 | 1·1 | 3·1 |
| Folate (mcg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 year | 202 | 173, 219 | 120 | 0·0 | 191 | 162, 213 | 120 | 8·2 |
| 4–8 year | 213 | 172, 303 | 160 | 17·4 | 218 | 162, 264 | 160 | 24·4 |
| 9–13 year | 242 | 209, 286 | 250 | 63·8 | 247 | 196, 295 | 250 | 53·2 |
| 14–18 year | 256 | 223, 335 | 330 | 73·4 | 234 | 200, 259 | 330 | 98·5 |
| 19 year | 411 | 178, 618 | 320 | 35·7 | 322 | 252, 461 | 320 | 50·0 |
| Vitamin B12 (mcg) | ||||||||
| 1–3 years | 2·7 | 2·3, 3·2 | 0·7 | 0·0 | 2·8 | 2·5, 1·3 | 0·7 | 0·0 |
| 4–8 years | 2·9 | 2·2, 4·1 | 1·0 | 1·1 | 2·8 | 2·1, 3·7 | 1·0 | 1·2 |
| 9–13 years | 3·1 | 2·6, 3·8 | 1·5 | 0·0 | 3·4 | 2·3, 4·4 | 1·5 | 9·7 |
| 14–18 years | 3·5 | 2·7, 4·4 | 2·0 | 9·4 | 2·6 | 2·4, 3·2 | 2·0 | 6·1 |
| 19 years | 4·3 | 2·4, 9·0 | 2·0 | 21·4 | 3·4 | 1·7, 5·5 | 2·0 | 28·1 |
EAR, estimated average requirement; AI, adequate intake.
*
AI and therefore the percentages of subjects below AI have been calculated.
†
Data on pantothenic acid are subject to potential underestimation since values for this nutrient for specific Greek foods are lacking to date.