Table 5.
Standardized path analysis among variables at different time points.
| PA path | Coefficient (β) | S.E. | p-value | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE(T1) → PE(T2) | 0.423 | 0.036 | <0.001 | 0.354 ~ 0.493 |
| PE(T1) → SOC(T2) | 0.100 | 0.043 | 0.020 | 0.016 ~ 0.184 |
| PE(T1) → PA(T2) | −0.120 | 0.040 | 0.003 | −0.200 ~ −0.041 |
| SOC(T1) → PE(T2) | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.960 | −0.074 ~ 0.078 |
| SOC(T1) → SOC(T2) | 0.163 | 0.043 | <0.001 | 0.079 ~ 0.246 |
| SOC(T1) → PA(T2) | 0.259 | 0.039 | <0.001 | 0.181 ~ 0.336 |
| PA(T1) → PE (T2) | 0.182 | 0.040 | <0.001 | 0.104 ~ 0.026 |
| PA(T1) → SOC(T2) | 0.142 | 0.044 | 0.001 | 0.055 ~ 0.229 |
| PA(T1) → PA(T2) | 0.286 | 0.041 | <0.001 | 0.206 ~ 0.366 |
| PE(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.380 | 0.036 | <0.001 | 0.309 ~ 0.450 |
| PE(T2) → SOC(T3) | 0.017 | 0.036 | 0.629 | −0.053 ~ 0.088 |
| PE(T2) → PA(T3) | 0.046 | 0.040 | 0.242 | −0.031 ~ 0.124 |
| SOC(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.204 | 0.038 | <0.001 | 0.129 ~ 0.278 |
| SOC(T2) → SOC(T3) | 0.553 | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.494 ~ 0.612 |
| SOC(T2) → PA(T3) | 0.369 | 0.037 | <0.001 | 0.297 ~ 0.442 |
| PA(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.083 | 0.039 | 0.032 | 0.007 ~ 0.159 |
| PA(T2) → SOC(T3) | −0.015 | 0.036 | 0.684 | −0.086 ~ 0.056 |
| PA(T2) → PA(T3) | 0.133 | 0.040 | 0.001 | 0.055 ~ 0.210 |
| PE(T1) → SOC(T2) → PA(T3) | 0.037 | 0.018 | 0.045 | 0.001 ~ 0.073 |
| PA(T1) → SOC(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.029 | 0.013 | 0.028 | 0.003 ~ 0.055 |
| NA path | Coefficient (β) | S.E. | p-value | 95%CI |
| PE(T1) → PE(T2) | 0.431 | 0.038 | <0.001 | 0.356 ~ 0.506 |
| PE(T1) → SOC(T2) | 0.135 | 0.046 | 0.003 | 0.045 ~ 0.224 |
| PE(T1) → NA(T2) | 0.078 | 0.045 | 0.086 | −0.011 ~ 0.166 |
| SOC(T1) → PE(T2) | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.358 | −0.040 ~ 0.110 |
| SOC(T1) → SOC(T2) | 0.198 | 0.042 | <0.001 | 0.117 ~ 0.280 |
| SOC(T1) → NA(T2) | 0.213 | 0.041 | <0.001 | 0.133 ~ 0.294 |
| NA(T1) → PE (T2) | −0.096 | 0.042 | 0.022 | −0.178 ~ −0.014 |
| NA(T1) → SOC(T2) | −0.002 | 0.046 | 0.958 | −0.093 ~ 0.089 |
| NA(T1) → NA(T2) | −0.127 | 0.046 | 0.005 | −0.217 ~ −0.038 |
| PE(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.367 | 0.036 | <0.001 | 0.297 ~ 0.437 |
| PE(T2) → SOC(T3) | −0.003 | 0.035 | 0.931 | −0.072 ~ 0.066 |
| PE(T2) → NA(T3) | −0.159 | 0.042 | <0.001 | −0.241 ~ −0.076 |
| SOC(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.129 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.048 ~ 0.210 |
| SOC(T2) → SOC(T3) | 0.469 | 0.035 | <0.001 | 0.401 ~ 0.538 |
| SOC(T2) → NA(T3) | 0.016 | 0.046 | 0.723 | −0.074 ~ 0.107 |
| NA(T2) → PE(T3) | 0.203 | 0.041 | <0.001 | 0.122 ~ 0.283 |
| NA(T2) → SOC(T3) | 0.207 | 0.038 | <0.001 | 0.132 ~ 0.281 |
| NA(T2) → NA(T3) | −0.147 | 0.046 | 0.001 | −0.237 ~ −0.057 |
| PE(T1) → SOC(T2) → NA(T3) | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.791 | −0.014 ~ 0.018 |
| NA(T1) → SOC(T2) → PE(T3) | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.961 | −0.013 ~ 0.012 |
T1, Time 1 (intake); T2, Time 2 (one-month follow-up); T3, Time 3 (2-month follow-up); SOC, sense of coherence; PA, positive affect; NA, negative affect; PE, physical exercise.