Table 1.

Criteria and prevalence of LPN metastasis

Study	Country	No. of patients	No. of CRT patients	Criteria of LPN metastasis	Pathologic positive rate (%)
Fujita et al. [13] (2009)	Japan	210	6	>5 mm	22.4
Ogawa et al. [15] (2016)	Japan	272	-	≥5 mm in the SA	17.0
Yamaoka et al. [16] (2017)	Japan	19	-	≥5 mm in the SA	36.8
Matsuda et al. [17] (2018)	Japan	45	-	≥8 mm in the SA	21.9
Dev et al. [18] (2018)	India	43	-	≥8 mm in the SA	20.9
Iwasa et al. [19] (2021)	Japan	69	-	>7 mm in the SA	15.7
Abe et al. [20] (2022)	Japan	67	7	≥5 mm in the SA	26.9
Oh et al. [22] (2014)	Korea	66	66	>5 mm in the SA	33.3
Akiyoshi et al. [23] (2015)	Japan	77	77	≥7 mm in the LA	40.3
Sinukumar et al. [24] (2015)	Japan	8	8	≥8 mm in the SA	25.0
Shin et al. [25] (2016)	USA	18	18	≥7 mm in the LA	61.1
Ishihara et al. [26] (2017)	Japan	31	31	≥8 mm in the SA	51.6
Kim et al. [27] (2017)	Korea	53	53	≥5 mm in the SA	37.7
Kim et al. [28] (2018)	Korea	57	57	≥5 mm in the SA	40.4
Hiyoshi et al. [29] (2020)	Japan	78	26	>5 mm	11.5
Kawai et al. [30] (2021)	Japan	42	42	>8 mm	52.4
Song et al. [31] (2021)	Korea	99	99	≥5 mm in the SA	30.3
Agger et al. [32] (2021)	Sweden	344	309	<5 mm in the SA with 3 malignant featuresa or 5–9 mm in the SA with 2 malignant featuresa	8.7

LPN, lateral pelvic lymph node; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; SA, short axis; LA, long axis.

^aMalignant features of lymph nodes were defined as indistinct borders, heterogeneous signal, or attenuation and round shape.