Table 2.
Impact of Anxiety and/or Depression on the 10-Yrs Risk of and Timing of Developing CVDRFs
| Predictor | Covariables | 10 Years Risk of Developing ≥1 CVDRFs |
Time to Develop One CVDRF |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | OR (95% CI) | P Value | N | β (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Depression | Pre-existing CVDRFs | 77,805 | 1.298 (1.238-1.361) | <0.001 | 30,956 | −0.451 (−0.453 to −0.360) | <0.001 |
| Age, sexa | 77,804 | 1.847 (1.756-1.942) | <0.001 | 30,955 | −0.591 (−0.684 to −0.497) | <0.001 | |
| Smokingb | 67,511 | 1.763 (1.671-1.859) | <0.001 | 27,525 | −0.551 (−0.648 to −0.453) | <0.001 | |
| Lifestyle factorsb | 34,554 | 1.576 (1.454-1.709) | <0.001 | 13,338 | −0.473 (−0.623 to −0.322) | <0.001 | |
| All the above (Primary Model) | 34,522 | 1.569 (1.447-1.701) | <0.001 | 13,334 | −0.471 (−0.622 to −0.321) | <0.001 | |
| SSRI or SNRIc | 29,819 | 1.393 (1.226-1.582) | <0.001 | 11,324 | −0.303 (−0.547 to −0.060) | 0.015 | |
| Anxiety | Pre-existing CVDRFs | 72,482 | 1.195 (1.139-1.254) | <0.001 | 28,489 | −0.418 (−0.513 to −0.322) | <0.001 |
| Age, sexa | 72,481 | 1.789 (1.699-1.884) | <0.001 | 28,488 | −0.567 (−0.665 to −0.469) | <0.001 | |
| Smokingb | 62,684 | 1.706 (1.616-1.801) | <0.001 | 25,279 | −0.538 (−0.640 to −0.436) | <0.001 | |
| Lifestyle factorsb | 32,284 | 1.654 (1.522-1.796) | <0.001 | 12,366 | −0.488 (−0.644 to −0.332) | <0.001 | |
| All the above (Primary Model) | 32,252 | 1.646 (1.515-1.788) | <0.001 | 12,361 | −0.483 (−0.639 to −0.326) | <0.001 | |
| SSRI or SNRIc | 27,759 | 1.397 (1.247-1.564) | <0.001 | 10,352 | −0.298 (−0.520 to −0.076) | 0.009 | |
| Anxiety and/or depression | Pre-existing CVDRFs | 71,214 | 1.316 (1.263-1.373) | <0.001 | 27,048 | −0.433 (−0.525 to −0.361) | <0.001 |
| Age, sexa | 71,213 | 1.921 (1.836-2.009) | <0.001 | 27,047 | −0.579 (−0.664 to −0.494) | <0.001 | |
| Smokingb | 61,727 | 1.826 (1.741-1.916) | <0.001 | 24,054 | −0.539 (−0.628 to −0.450) | <0.001 | |
| Lifestyle factorsb | 31,768 | 1.714 (1.595-1.842) | <0.001 | 11,731 | −0.490 (−0.624 to −0.355) | <0.001 | |
| All the above (Primary Model) | 31,739 | 1.707 (1.589-1.835) | <0.001 | 11,728 | −0.486 (−0.621 to −0.351) | <0.001 | |
| SSRI or SNRIc | 28,288 | 1.440 (1.294-1.603) | <0.001 | 10,353 | −0.300 (−0.511 to −0.089) | 0.005 | |
Boldface values represent statistical significance (P < 0.05).
β = unstandardized coefficient; CVDRF = cardiometabolic cardiovascular risk factor; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SNRI = serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
a
Analysis adjusted for the pre-existing CVDRFs.
b
Analysis adjusted for the pre-existing CVDRFs, age, and sex.
c
Analysis adjusted for all the components of the primary model. Lifestyle factors: body mass index, insomnia, and physical activity. CVDRFs: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.