Table 2.

Correlation of the rates of infection cases (COVID-19) and explanatory indices (moving direction entropy and the densities of institutes in local regions) quantified by the Spearman rank correlation for 53 local regions in Tokyo.

Indices			Rates of infection cases: COVID-19 for 3 years
			2020									2021							2022							Average			P valuea
			Before April 5		July 26		October 17		December 3		April 1			July 26		October 18		January 25			April 1		July 25
MDEb,c			0.77		0.83		0.73		0.62		0.84			0.85		0.67		0.87			0.71		0.75		0.77			—d
Density (/km2)
	Restaurants	0.74		0.86		0.77		0.65		0.82			0.85		0.55		0.83			0.76		0.78		0.76			.37
	Supermarkets	0.74		0.81		0.77		0.66		0.75			0.83		0.58		0.80			0.77		0.73		0.74			.11
	Elementary schools	0.65		0.83		0.69		0.54		0.74			0.80		0.60		0.76			0.73		0.74		0.71			.002
	High schools	0.62		0.78		0.72		0.57		0.70			0.79		0.55		0.72			0.67		0.67		0.68			<.001
	Junior high schools	0.66		0.81		0.72		0.56		0.73			0.80		0.63		0.73			0.73		0.72		0.71			.004
	Train stations	0.67		0.83		0.74		0.63		0.79			0.79		0.56		0.82			0.71		0.77		0.73			.02
	Hospitals	0.56		0.70		0.65		0.56		0.68			0.69		0.54		0.71			0.57		0.66		0.63			<.001
	Listed companies	0.72		0.82		0.73		0.60		0.78			0.81		0.59		0.79			0.74		0.77		0.74			.02
	Population	0.70		0.86		0.71		0.55		0.76			0.84		0.65		0.78			0.71		0.75		0.73			.01

^at-test; P values show the significance of the superiority of MDE to other indices.

^bMDE: moving direction entropy.

^cThe MDE values were computed on used data set 1 for each period, and the rates of cases were obtained from used data set 2 for each period of 2 weeks.

^dNot applicable.