TABLE 3.

Gastrointestinal health measured by the tolerability and GIQLI questionnaires after 2-wk consumption of NC and HON conditions

	NC	HON	LMM fixed effects
	End	End	Treatment (HON)	Time (End)	Treatment × Time Interaction
Tolerability1	0.70 ± 0.16 (54)	0.87 ± 0.22 (54)	β: 0.01 CI: −0.38, 0.40 P = 0.96	β: 0.07 CI: −0.34, 0.48 P = 0.72	β: 0.358 CI: −0.22, 0.93 P = 0.23
GIQLI2	129 ± 1.33 (54)	127 ± 1.72 (54)	β: −0.60 CI: −2.68, 1.49 P = 0.57	β: 0.626 CI: −1.52, 2.79 P = 0.57	β: 0.636 CI: −2.39, 3.65 P = 0.68

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GIQLI, Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index; HON, Honey; LMM, linear mixed-effect model; NC, Negative Control; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Data were analyzed by LMMs and are presented as mean ± SEM (n). The LMM fixed effects columns denote the main treatment effect (HON treatment), time (end), and the treatment by time interaction term (treatment, time, interaction).

¹Tolerability score: 0 (no symptoms/no more than usual) to 12 (much more than usual for every symptom).

²GIQLI score: 0 (worst quality of life) to 144 (best quality of life).