TABLE 7.

Mood states measured by the PANAS-SF questionnaire after 2-wk consumption of NC and HON conditions

	NC	HON	LMM fixed effects
	End	End	Treatment (HON)	Time (End)	Treatment × Time Interaction
Positive affect1	34.1 ± 0.96 (54)	33.6 ± 1.03 (54)	β: −0.004 CI: −1.39, 1.37 P = 1.00	β: 0.02 CI: −1.41, 1.46 P = 0.98	β: −0.61 CI: −2.63, 1.40 P = 0.55
Negative affect2	16.6 ± 0.90 (54)	17.4 ± 0.91 (54)	β: 0.06 CI: −1.32, 1.44 P = 0.93	β: −1.73 CI: −3.17, −0.30 P = 0.02	β: 1.26 CI: −0.75, 3.28 P = 0.22

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HON, Honey; LMM, linear mixed-effect model; NC, Negative Control; PANAS-SF, Positive and Negative Affect Scales – Short Form; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Data were analyzed by LMMs and are presented as mean ± SEM (n). The LMM fixed effects columns denote the main treatment effect (HON treatment), time (end), and the treatment by time interaction term (treatment, time, interaction).

¹Positive affect score: 10 (low positive affect) to 50 (high positive affect).

²Negative affect score: 10 (low negative affect) to 50 (high negative affect).