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Description of the mechanism of autophagy initiation steps. (Autophagy is regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. MTOC1 is the meeting point of the two pathways and ultimately initiates autophagy through the ULK1 complex and the Vps34 complex. The priming step can be inhibited by molecules such as rapamycin and 3-MA).
