Table 2.

Surgical outcomes and Oncologic clearance of all patients

Unmatched cohort (n = 105)
Variables	RPSS group ( n = 26 )	EC group ( n = 79 )	p value
Surgical outcomes
Surgical technique
Sigmoidectomy/AR/LAR/SLAR	4/8/7/7	6/17/30/26	0.54
Ileostomy N (%)	9 (35)	29 (37)	1.0
Total operation times
All surgical techniquesa min	294 (131)	340 (193)	0.19
Sigmoidectomy, ARa min	256 (90)	242 (100)	1.0
LARa min	326 (213)	373 (113)	0.62
SLARa min	361 (154)	517 (280)	0.064
Blood lossb mL	5 (9.5)	19 (40)	0.014
Length of umbilical incisionb mm	29 (0.57)	31 (0.63)	0.047
Leak test positive N (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Oncologic clearance
Number of lymph nodes harvesteda	15 (8.5)	17 (13)	0.34
Lateral lymph node dissection N (%)	3 (12)	11 (14)	1.0
CRM positive N (%)	0 (0)	1 (1.3)	1.0
pStaging
0/I/II/III/IV	0/10/7/7/2	1/27/24/23/4	0.94
Matched cohort after a 1:1 Propensity score matching (n = 46)
Variables	RPSS group ( n = 23 )	EC group ( n = 23 )	p value
Surgical outcomes
Surgical technique
Sigmoidectomy/AR/LAR/SLAR	4/7/6/6	4/6/5/8	0.93
Ileostomy N (%)	7 (30)	9 (39)	0.54
Total operation times
All surgical techniquesa min	293 (116)	337 (279)	0.36
Sigmoidectomy, ARa min	268 (96)	252 (106)	0.86
LARa min	279 (143)	334 (180)	0.58
SLARa min	401 (210)	649 (309)	0.045
Blood lossb mL	5.3 (10)	23 (36)	0.038
Length of umbilical incisionb mm	30 (0.56)	32 (0.53)	0.15
Leak test positive N (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Oncologic clearance
Number of lymph nodes harvesteda	16 (9)	19 (18)	0.21
Lateral lymph node dissection N (%)	2 (8.7)	6 (26)	0.11
CRM positive N (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
pStaging
0/I/II/III/IV	0/9/6/7/1	0/8/9/6/0	0.63

AR Anterior resection, LAR Low anterior resection, SLAR Super low anterior resection, CRM Circumferential resection margin

^aValues are median (IQR)

^bValues are mean (SD)