Table 2.
Overview of RNA adductome studies using LC-MS.
| Sample | MS type a |
Scan mode b |
Fragmentation method |
Features of untargeted detection |
Adducts identified | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human urine | Ion trap | DDA-MS2 | Trap-type CID | NL of ribose (R), NL of methylthioribose | RNA modifications and their ribosylated metabolites | 2008 | [129] |
| Nucleosides (rN) | QqQ | CNL, precursor ion scan | Beam-type CID | NL of rN, protonated ions of rN | B[a]P-derived RNA adducts | 2011 | [130] |
| Human urine | QqQ | CNL | Beam-type CID | NL of R | A variety of RNA modifications | 2011 | [83] |
| Human urine | QqQ | CNL | Beam-type CID | NL of R, NL of acetonide (derivative with acetone) | A variety of RNA modifications | 2015 | [131] |
| Pool of arbitrary RNA species | QqQ | CNL | Beam-type CID | NL of R, NL of 2'-O-methylated ribose (MeR) | A variety of RNA modifications | 2016 | [65] |
| Human urine | Q-TOF | MSE | Beam-type CID | NL of R | Cis-diol-containing RNA modifications | 2017 | [132] |
| Bacteria (E. coli and Leishmania donovani) rRNA, and human and yeast tRNA | Q-Orbitrap | DDA-MS2 | HCD | MS-based RNA sequencing | Monomethylated RNA modifications and their positional isomers | 2019 | [133] |
| Human urine | Q-TOF | MSE | Beam-type CID | NL of R, NL of modified R with C5'-O-formylation or C5'-O-methylation, protonated aglycone ion | Twelve cis-diol-containing RNA modifications at nucleobase or ribose | 2022 | [85] |
| rN, yeast tRNA | Q-LIT-Orbitrap | DDA-MS2 | Trap-type CID or HCD | Specific mass increment on precursor ion due to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) adduction | BPDE-derived RNA adducts | 2023 | [134] |
a
LRMS includes QqQ and ion trap instruments while HRMS includes Q-Orbitrap, Q-LIT-orbitrap and Q-TOF instruments.
b
Beam-type CID and HCD collisions in quadrupole or multipole cells typically produce numerous fragments, whereas trap-type CID collisions in ion traps yield fewer fragments.