Table 1.
Summary of the characteristics of the systematic reviews included in the umbrella reviewa
| Authors/year of publication/type of review | Factors explored | Date range of included studies | Number of studies included | Quality appraisal of the review | Risk of bias in the review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Qin Y et al. 2023 (Epub 2022) [36] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, Income, living alone); Lifestyle-related factors; Health related factors | 2008–2021 | 62 | High | Low |
|
(2) Slashcheva LD et al. 2021 [37] Systematic review |
Oral health characteristics | 2012–2019 | 26 | High | Low |
|
(3) Vatanabe IP et al. 2022 [38] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, rural residence, schooling,) Health-related factors (Chronic diseases, Nutrition, Physical activity, walking speed, psychological disorder, depression, polypharmacy, falls and related fractures, disability, Incident physical limitation, calf circumference, Hearing impairment, quality of life, potential social support) Blood and brain alterations factors (glycated hemoglobin A1c, eGFR/estimated glomerular filtration rate, levels of cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, inflammation, White matter) | 2009–2020 | 28 | Moderate | High |
|
(4) Ramakrishnan P et al. 2017 [39] Systematic review |
Biomarkers | 2010–2017 | 40 | High | Low |
| (5) Yuan L et al. 2021 [40] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Abdominal obesity, body mass index (BMI) | 2005–2020 | 17 | High | Low |
| (6) Kojima G et al. 2018 [41] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Mediterranean Diet | 2012–2017 | 4 | High | Low |
|
(7) Assis, EPS de et al. 2018 [42] Systematic review |
Anemia | 2007–2015 | 7 | Moderate | Low |
| (8) Piotrowicz K et al. 2021 [43] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Arterial stiffness | 2016–2019 | 5 | High | Low |
| (9) de Souza LF et al. 2022 [44] Systematic review | Fear of falling | 1994–2021 | 10 | High | Low |
| (10) Kojima G et al. 2016 [45] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Quality of life | 2009–2015 | 13 | Moderate | Low |
| (11) Carvalho ACA et al. 2018 [46] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Human herpes virus seropositivity [cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)] | 2005–2017 | 6 | High | Low |
| (12) Wen Q et al. 2023 (Epub 2022) [47] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Insomnia | 2009–2022 | 12 | High | High |
| (13) Hakeem FF et al. 2019 [48] Systematic review | Oral health | 2017–2018 | 5 | High | Low |
| (14) Marcos-Pérez D et al. 2020 [49] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Inflammatory mediators | 2002–2018 | 49 | Moderate | High |
|
(15) Pothier K et al. 2022 [50] Systematic review |
Inflammation (Interleukin (mostly IL-6) levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), or high sensitive CRP (hsCRP) levels, white blood cell (WBC) count, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs; mostly TNF-α), hemostatic factors (fibrinogen, Factor VII, Factor VIII, transferrin, and haptoglobin); vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1); erythropoietin (EPO); inflammation index score). Physical health (biochemical measurement, anthropometric measures, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol status, medications, physical performance, blood pressure, past medical history, nutritional status, falls or the risk of falls, overnight hospital admissions) Psycho-Social Health (lifestyle characteristics (years of education, marital status, and capital income), measured cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), memory loss, and subjective cognitive decline); Behavioral disorders and autonomy) |
2002–2020 | 22 | Moderate | High |
| (16) Kojima G et al. 2022 [51] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Loneliness | 2012–2022 | 16 | High | High |
|
(17) Kojima G et al. 2020 [52] Systematic review |
Pet ownership | 2018–2019 | 3 | Moderate | High |
| (18) Kojima G et al. 2022 [53] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Masticatory dysfunction | 2012–2021 | 5 | Moderate | High |
| (19) Picca A et al. 2022 [54] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Biomarkers (metabolic, inflammatory, hormonal and hematologic markers) | 2002–2020 | 80 | High | Low |
| (20) Moradi S et al. 2021 [55] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Dietary Inflammatory Index | 2018–2019 | 5 | High | Low |
| (21) Navarrete-Villanueva D et al. 2021 [56] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Physical fitness components | 2009–2019 | 20 | High | Low |
|
(22) Tôrres LH et al. 2015 [57] Systematic review |
Oral Health | 2000–2013 | 12 | Moderate | High |
| (23) Kojima G et al. 2022 [58] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Fruit and vegetable consumption | 2016–2020 | 3 | Moderate | High |
|
(24) Mello Ade C et al. 2014 [29] Systematic review |
Health-related and socio-demographic factors | 2001–2012 | 35 | High | High |
| (25) Verlaan S et al. 2017 [59] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Malnutrition | 2012–2016 | 28 | Moderate | High |
| (26) Lee L et al. 2017 [60] Systematic review | Biomarkers; Health related factors (depression, comorbidities); health risk factors; sociodemographic factors | 2005–2015 | 12 | High | Low |
|
(27) Coelho-Júnior HJ et al. 2018 [61] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Protein intake | 2006–2018 | 10 | High | Low |
|
(28) Marcos-Pérez D et al. 2020 [62] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Vitamin D Levels | 2005–2018 | 26 | High | High |
|
(29) Lorenzo-López L et al. 2017 [63] Systematic review |
Nutritional determinants | 2006–2017 | 19 | Moderate | High |
|
(30) Dibello V et al. 2021 [64] Systematic review |
Oral health factors | 2012–2021 | 39 | High | Low |
|
(31) He B et al. 2019 [65] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Sociodemographic factors (age, gender) and health factors (comorbidities, disability) | 2010–2018 | 14 | High | Low |
| (32) Xu R et al. 2021 [66] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Sociodemographic factors and health factors | 2014–2020 | 23 | High | Low |
|
(33) Coelho-Junior HJ et al. 2022 [67] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Protein intake | 2006–2021 | 17 | High | Low |
| (34) Parvaneh S et al. 2016 [68] Systematic review | Activity of the cardiac autonomic nervous system | 2008–2015 | 6 | High | Low |
| (35) Feng Z et al. 2017 [30] Systematic review | Sociodemographic factors; lifestyle factors; physical factors; psychological factors; biological factors | 2005–2016 | 23 | High | Low |
| (36) Wang X et al. 2022 [69] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Characteristics and lifestyles of people, Comorbidities (age, body mass index (BMI), sex (female), living alone, low levels of exercise, polypharmacy, recorded number of drugs, education, smoking, drinking, malnutrition, vitamin D levels, comorbidity and ten comorbid diseases: stroke, cardiac disease, diabetes, vision dysfunction, hearing dysfunction, cognitive impairment, poor sleep, fall history, pain, and depression) | 2014–2021 | 36 | Moderate | High |
|
(37) Gordon EH et al. 2017 [70] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Sex differences | 2005–2015 | 7 | Moderate | High |
|
(38) Sargent L et al. 2018 [71] Systematic review |
Biological protein marker (n = 287); genetic factors (n = 46); medication risk (n = 9) | 1995–2017 | 342 | Moderate | High |
|
(39) Pourmotabbed A et al. 2020 [72] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Sleep parameters | 2009–2019 | 10 | High | Low |
|
(40) Carvalho ACA et al. 2019 [73] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Telomere length | 2008–2019 | 9 | High | High |
| (41) Shakya S et al. 2022 [74] Systematic review | Cardiometabolic Risk Factors (elevated waist circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) | 2007–2021 | 12 | High | Low |
| (42) Chu W et al. 2019 [28] Systematic review with meta-analysis | Depression | 2010–2015 | 14 | High | High |
|
(43) Dao HHH et al. 2022 [75] Systematic review with meta-analysis |
Metabolic syndrome (presence of at least 3 out of the five constitutive components: abdominal obesity, high fasting blood glucose, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and low high-density lipoprotein level) | 2007–2021 | 11 | High | High |
|
(44) Wai JL et Yu DS, 2020 [76] Systematic review |
Sleep–wake disturbances | 2009–2017 | 7 | High | Low |
aThe complete version of this table is available in the Additional file 3