Table 1.

Changes in the gut microbiota due to ethanol consumption based on the systematic review by Litwinowicz et al.

	Abundance	SCFA	BAs	Trp	BCAAs	TMA	Ref.
PHYLUM
Proteobacteria	↑	–	–	–	–	+	39,40
Bacteroidetes	↓	+	+	+	–	+	40
FAMILY
Enterobacteriaceae	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ruminococcaceae	↑	–	+	+	–	–
GENUS
Akkermansia	↓	+	–	+	–	–	41–43
Alistipes	↓	+	–	+	–	–	44
Bacteroides	↓	+	+	+	+	–	45–49
Clostridium	↓	+	+	+	–	+	40,45,50–52
Collinsella	↓	+	–	–	–	–	53
Faecalibacterium	↓	+	–	–	+	–	54–56
Parabacteroides	↓	+	–	–	–	–	57
Paraprevotella	↓	–	–	–	–	–
Prevotella	↓	+	–	–	+	–	58,59
Ruminococcus	↓	+	+	+	+	+	60–66

A plus sign in the table indicates that the given bacteria are involved in the metabolism of the specified metabolites (in the case of bile acids, in the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids). References indicate that the bacteria in question are involved in the metabolism of the specified metabolites.

(SCFA – short-chain fatty acids, BAs – bile acids, Trp – tryptophan derivatives, BCAAs – branch-chained amino acids, TMA - trimethylamine).