Table 2. Age-standardized incidence-based mortality rates, and annual percent changes in primary liver cancer rates, 1978–2018.
| Incidence-based Mortality Rates | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Segment 1 | Segment 2 | Segment 3 | Segment 4 | Segment 5 | Incidence rates Per 100,000 |
||||||||
| AAPC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Overall | 2.15* (1.24, 3.06) | 1978–1985 | 1.11 (-1.14, 3.42) | 1985–1999 | 4.56* (3.87, 5.25) | 1999–2002 | -1.62 (-11.15, 8.94) | 2002–2012 | 2.41* (1.56, 3.27) | 2012–2018 | -0.70 (-2.03, 0.66) | 3.86 | 3.64 |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Men | 1.94* (0.93, 2.95) | 1978–1985 | 0.69 (-1.84, 3.28) | 1985–1999 | 4.55* (3.78, 5.32) | 1999–2002 | -1.91 (-12.32, 9.74) | 2002–2012 | 2.34* (1.40, 3.28) | 2012–2018 | -1.25 (-2.71, 0.22) | 5.86 | 5.73 |
| Women | 2.58* (2.23, 2.94) | 1978–1997 | 3.62* (2.97, 4.29) | 1997–2018 | 1.65* (1.29, 2.01) | 2.19 | 1.90 | ||||||
| Age, years | |||||||||||||
| <50 | 0.68* (0.02, 1.34) | 1978–2000 | 3.94* (2.99, 4.90) | 2000–2018 | -3.17* (-4.14, -2.19) | 0.22 | 0.28 | ||||||
| ≥50 | 2.41* (1.59, 3.25) | 1978–1988 | 2.23* (0.74, 3.74) | 1988–1998 | 4.97* (3.61, 6.36) | 1998–2002 | -0.43 (-6.28, 5.79) | 2002–2012 | 3.01* (2.02, 4.02) | 2012–2018 | -0.52 (-2.03, 1.01) | 3.64 | 3.36 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 2.46* (1.26, 3.68) | 1978–1987 | 1.42 (-0.56, 3.44) | 1987–1999 | 5.37* (4.21, 6.54) | 1999–2002 | -3.37 (-15.85, 10.94) | 2002–2012 | 3.17* (1.99, 4.35) | 2012–2018 | 0.18 (-1.62, 2.01) | 3.47 | 3.24 |
| Black | 1.63* (0.95, 2.32) | 1978–2010 | 2.81* (2.25, 3.37) | 2010–2018 | -2.93* (-5.54, -0.23) | 4.63 | 4.46 | ||||||
| Other races | 0.13 (-0.29, 0.55) | 1978–1999 | 1.44* (0.74, 2.13) | 1999–2018 | -1.30* (-1.79, -0.80) | 5.40 | 5.21 | ||||||
| Stage | |||||||||||||
| Localized | 3.50* (2.73, 4.28) | 1978–1990 | 1.92* (0.26, 3.61) | 1990–1999 | 9.44* (7.10, 11.83) | 1999–2012 | 3.84* (3.06, 4.63) | 2012–2018 | -2.53* (-4.25, -0.77) | 1.49 | 1.38 | ||
| Regional | 2.34* (0.55, 4.16) | 1978–1993 | 2.23* (0.94, 3.53) | 1993–1996 | 14.69 (-8.70, 44.08) | 1996–2011 | 1.94* (1.10, 2.79) | 2011–2018 | -1.51 (-3.49, 0.51) | 0.99 | 0.95 | ||
| Distal ** | 1.88* (1.66, 2.10) | 1.07 | 0.99 | ||||||||||
* Indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)
** Model has no joinpoints; it only has a continuous trend.
AAPC = average annual percent changes, APC = annual percent changes, CI = confidence interval;
Rates were standardized to the 2000 US population in 5-year age categories.
The Joinpoint regression model requires a minimum of two observations between a joinpoint and the first or last data point and between two joinpoints.