Table 3. Main objective of the top 100 most-cited papers on diabetes mellitus in Dentistry.
| Rank | References | Main objective |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mealey BL, Oates TW. American Academy of Periodontology. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 2006 Aug;77(8):1289-1303. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050459 | To review the literature concerning the relationship between DM and periodontal diseases. |
| 2 | Chapple IL, Genco R. Working group 2 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Periodontol. 2013 Apr;84(4):106-112. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2013.1340011. | To report the epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional, prospective and intervention studies for the impact of periodontal disease on diabetes incidence, control, and complications and to identify potential underpinning mechanisms. |
| 3 | King GL. The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications. J Periodontol. 2008 Aug;79(8):1527-34. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080246. | To provide an understanding of the inflammatory basis for diabetes and its complications. |
| 4 | Haber J, Wattles J, Crowley M, Mandell R, Joshipura K, Kent RL. Evidence for cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1993 Jan;64(1):16-23. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.16. | To evaluate the role of smoking as a risk factor for Periodontitis in diabetic and nondiabetic study groups. |
| 5 | Genco RJ, Grossi SG, Ho A, Nishimura F, Murayama Y. A Proposed Model Linking Inflammation to Obesity, Diabetes, and Periodontal Infections. J Periodontol. 2005 Nov;76 (11):2075-2084. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075. | To evaluate the relationship between obesity, periodontal disease, and DM insulin resistance as well as the plasma levels of TNFα and its soluble receptors to assess the relationship of inflammation to obesity, diabetes, and periodontal infections. |
| 6 | Emrich LJ, Shlossman M, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 1991 Feb;62(2):123-31. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.123. | To determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health status in Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. |
| 7 | Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Severe Periodontitis and Risk for Poor Glycemic Control in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Periodontol. 1996 Oct;67 (10):1085-1093. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1085. | To test the hypothesis that severe periodontitis in persons with NIDDM increases the risk of poor glycemic control. |
| 8 | Golub LM, Lee HM, Lehrer G, Nemiroff A, McNamara TF, Kaplan R, Ramamurthy NS. Minocycline reduces gingival collagenolytic activity during diabetes. Preliminary observations and a proposed new mechanism of action. J Periodontal Res. 1983 Sep;18(5):516-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00388.x. | To describe initial studies using minocycline in diabetic rats and humans. |
| 9 | Taylor GW, Borgnakke WS. Periodontal disease: associations with diabetes, glycemic control and complications. Oral Dis. 2008 Apr;14(3):191-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01442.x. | To review the evidence for adverse effects of diabetes on periodontal health and periodontal disease on glycemic control and complications of diabetes. |
| 10 | Grossi SG, Skrepcinski FB, DeCaro T, Robertson DC, Ho AW, Dunford RG, Genco RJ. Treatment of periodontal disease in diabetics reduces glycated hemoglobin. J Periodontol. 1997 Aug;68(8):713-719. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1997.68.8.713. | To assess the effects of treatment of periodontal disease on the level of metabolic control of diabetes. |
| 11 | Tsai C, Hayes C, Taylor GW. Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Jun;30(3):182-192. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300304.x. | To investigate the association between glycemic control of T2DM and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population ages 45 years and older. |
| 12 | Borgnakke WS, Ylöstalo PV, Taylor GW, Genco RJ. Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40 (14):135-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12080. | To systematically review non-experimental, epidemiologic evidence for effects of periodontal disease on diabetes control, complications, and incidence. |
| 13 | Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnakulasuriya S. Global burden of oral diseases: emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis. 2016 Oct;22(7):609-619. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12428. | To present the global burden of major oral diseases with an exegetical commentary on their current profiles, the critical issues in oral healthcare and future perspectives. |
| 14 | Cianciola LJ, Park BH, Bruck E, Mosovich L, Genco RJ. Prevalence of periodontal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes). J Am Dent Assoc. 1982 May;104(5):653-660. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1982.0240. | To assess the correlation of the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in the IDDM group with other factors, including supragingival dental plaque, age, and onset and duration of DM. |
| 15 | Mealey BL, Ocampo GL. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;44:127-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00193.x. | To review concepts and epidemiology of diabetes and its relationship with periodontal disease. |
| 16 | Kiran M, Arpak N, Unsal E, Erdoğan MF. The effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Mar;32(3):266-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00658.x. | To investigate the effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in T2DM patients. |
| 17 | Sanz M, Ceriello A, Buysschaert M, Chapple I, Demmer RT, Graziani F, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Lione L, Madianos P, Mathur M, Montanya E, Shapira L, Tonetti M, Vegh D. Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Feb;45(2):138-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12808. | To update the evidence for their epidemiological and mechanistic associations and re-examine the impact of effective periodontal therapy upon metabolic control (HbA1C). |
| 18 | Lamster IB, Lalla E, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Oct;139:19-24. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0363. | To review the literature to identify oral conditions that are affected by diabetes mellitus. To examine the literature concerning periodontitis as a modifier of glycemic control. |
| 19 | Chávarry NG, Vettore MV, Sansone C, Sheiham A. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and destructive periodontal disease: a meta-analysis. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(2):107-127. | To systematically review the studies on the association between diabetes mellitus and destructive periodontal disease. |
| 20 | Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Genco RJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Am Dent Assoc. 1990 Oct;121(4):532-536. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1990.0211. | To evaluate the relationship between T2DM and periodontal disease. |
| 21 | Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. The RANKL-OPG system in clinical periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Mar;39(3):239-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01810.x. | To elaborate the current knowledge on RANKL and OPG in periodontal disease, and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers of the disease. |
| 22 | Javed F, Näsström K, Benchimol D, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engström PE. Comparison of periodontal and socioeconomic status between subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls. J Periodontol. 2007 Nov;78(11):2112-2119. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.070186. | To compare the periodontal conditions and socioeconomic status between subjects with T2DM and non-diabetic controls. |
| 23 | Javed F, Romanos GE. Impact of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control on the osseointegration of dental implants: a systematic literature review. J Periodontol. 2009 Nov;80(11):1719-1730. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090283. | To assess the effects of diabetes and glycemic control on the osseointegration of dental implants. |
| 24 | Liu R, Bal HS, Desta T, Krothapalli N, Alyassi M, Luan Q, Graves DT. Diabetes enhances periodontal bone loss through enhanced resorption and diminished bone formation. J Dent Res. 2006 Jun;85(6):510-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500606. | To investigate whether diabetes primarily affects periodontitis by enhancing bone loss or by limiting osseous repair. |
| 25 | Janket SJ, Wightman A, Baird AE, Van Dyke TE, Jones JA. Does periodontal treatment improve glycemic control in diabetic patients? A meta-analysis of intervention studies. J Dent Res. 2005 Dec;84(12):1154-1159. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401212. | To review all published evidence systematically and to quantify the impact of periodontal treatment on HbA1c. |
| 26 | Grossi SG, Skrepcinski FB, DeCaro T, Zambon JJ, Cummins D, Genco RJ. Response to periodontal therapy in diabetics and smokers. J Periodontol. 1996 Oct;67(10):1094-1102. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1094. | To present the results of two independent clinical trials involving treatment of periodontal disease in diabetics and smokers. |
| 27 | Schmidt AM, Weidman E, Lalla E, Yan SD, Hori O, Cao R, Brett JG, Lamster IB. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induce oxidant stress in the gingiva: a potential mechanism underlying accelerated periodontal disease associated with diabetes. J Periodontal Res. 1996 Oct;31(7):508-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb01417.x. | To establish the effects of infused AGEs on normal gingiva in vivo as well as to evaluate the AGEs levels and markers of oxidant stress in gingivafrom streptoztocin induced diabetic mice and from diabetic human subjects. |
| 28 | Salvi GE, Yalda B, Collins JG, Jones BH, Smith FW, Arnold RR, Offenbacher S. Inflammatory mediator response as a potential risk marker for periodontal diseases in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J Periodontol. 1997 Feb;68(2):127-135. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1997.68.2.127. | To measure the gingival crevicular fluid and monocytic secretion of PGE2 and IL-1 beta in a group of IDDM patients and systemically healthy individuals. |
| 29 | Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and alveolar bone loss progression over 2 years. J Periodontol. 1998 Jan;69(1):76-83. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1998.69.1.76. | To evaluate if persons with NIDDM have greater risk of more severe alveolar bone loss progression than do those without NIDDM over a 2-year period. |
| 30 | Iwamoto Y, Nishimura F, Nakagawa M, Sugimoto H, Shikata K, Makino H, Fukuda T, Tsuji T, Iwamoto M, Murayama Y. The effect of antimicrobial periodontal treatment on circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and glycated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol. 2001 Jun;72(6):774-778. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2001.72.6.774. | To understand the effects of antimicrobial periodontal therapy on serum TNF-alpha concentration and subsequent metabolic control of diabetes. |
| 31 | Mealey BL. Periodontal disease and diabetes. A two-way street. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Oct;137: 26-31. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0404. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;139(3):252. | To review the bidirectional relationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases. |
| 32 | Stewart JE, Wager KA, Friedlander AH, Zadeh HH. The effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Apr;28(4):306-310. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028004306.x. | To explore the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 33 | Nibali L, D’Aiuto F, Griffiths G, Patel K, Suvan J, Tonetti MS. Severe periodontitis is associated with systemic inflammation and a dysmetabolic status: a case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2007 Nov;34(11):931-937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01133.x. | To investigate the association between severe periodontitis and increase in inflammatory and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. |
| 34 | Lösche W, Karapetow F, Pohl A, Pohl C, Kocher T. Plasma lipid and blood glucose levels in patients with destructive periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Aug;27(8):537-541. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027008537.x. | To evaluate measure fasting plasma lipids as well as blood glucose in non-diabetic periodontal disease patients and control subjects. |
| 35 | Daubert DM, Weinstein BF, Bordin S, Leroux BG, Flemming TF. Prevalence and predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant failure: a cross-sectional analysis. J Periodontol. 2015 Mar;86(3):337-347. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.140438. | To identify possible risk factors for implant loss and peri-implant diseases and to use those risk factors to form a predictive model for peri-implantitis and implant loss. It is also the aim to quantify the prevalence of peri-implant disease at ≈10 years after implant placement by using the best-available definitions of peri-implant diseases at the time of publication. |
| 36 | Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Etzel KR, Weyant RJ, Orchard T. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and salivary flow rates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001 Sep;92(3):281-291. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2001.117815. | To describe the prevalence of dry-mouth symptoms (xerostomia), the prevalence of hyposalivation in this population, and the possible interrelationships between salivary dysfunction and diabetic complications |
| 37 | Bullon P, Newman HN, Battino M. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and chronic periodontitis: a shared pathology via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction? Periodontol 2000. 2014 Feb;64(1):139-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00455.x. | To review the literature to consider and discuss the mounting evidence that the basis for the inter-relationships between chronic periodontitis and atheromatous disease and diabetes lie at a fundamental intracellular level, namely oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as a meeting background among such chronic diseases and periodontitis. |
| 38 | Nishimura F, Iwamoto Y, Mineshiba J, Shimizu A, Soga Y, Murayama Y. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a 2-way relationship. J Periodontol. 2003 Jan;74(1):97-102. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.1.97. | To review the literature concerning TNF-α produced by the adipose tissues of obese patients acts as a risk factor for periodontal inflammation, and TNF-α produced due to periodontal inflammation may be an additional important factor influencing insulin sensitivity in both obese and type 2 diabetic patients. |
| 39 | Rodrigues DC, Taba MJ, Novaes AB, Souza SL, Grisi MF. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 2003 Sep;74(9):1361-1367. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.9.1361. Erratum in: J Periodontol. 2004 May;75(5):780. | To monitor the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. |
| 40 | Christgau M, Palitzsch KD, Schmalz G, Kreiner U, Frenzel S. Healing response to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus: clinical, microbiological, and immunologic results. J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Feb;25(2):112-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02417.x. | To monitor clinical, microbiological, medical, and immunological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy in diabetics and healthy controls. |
| 41 | Engebretson S, Kocher T. Evidence that periodontal treatment improves diabetes outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2013 Apr;84(4):153-169. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2013.1340017 | To evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on diabetes outcomes. |
| 42 | Klokkevold PR, Han TJ. How do smoking, diabetes, and periodontitis affect outcomes of implant treatment? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;(22):173-202. Erratum in: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008 Jan-Feb;23(1):56. | To evaluate the available literature to assess whether smoking, diabetes, and periodontitis have an adverse effect on the outcomes of implants placed in patients with these conditions. |
| 43 | Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Kubo M, Iida M, Yamashita Y. Relationship between obesity, glucose tolerance, and periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama study. J Periodontal Res. 2005 Aug;40(4):346-353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00813.x. | To examine the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease by taking oral glucose tolerance test results into consideration. |
| 44 | Campus G, Salem A, Uzzau S, Baldoni E, Tonolo G. Diabetes and periodontal disease: a case-control study. J Periodontol. 2005 Mar;76(3):418-425. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.418. | To evaluate the possible association between NIDDM and clinical and microbiological periodontal disease among adult Sardinians. |
| 45 | Bullon P, Morillo JM, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Quiles JL, Newman HN, Battino M. Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: is oxidative stress a common link? J Dent Res. 2009 Jun;88(6):503-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509337479. | To analyze the published data to consider the hypothesis for a potential relationship between MetS and periodontitis, with oxidative stress acting as a putative link between both conditions. |
| 46 | Salvi GE, Carollo-Bittel B, Lang NP. Effects of diabetes mellitus on periodontal and peri-implant conditions: update on associations and risks. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Sep;35(8):398-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01282.x. | To review the evidence for the association between diabetes and periodontal and peri-implant conditions and the impact of periodontal therapy in subjects with diabetes. |
| 47 | Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes An update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Feb;45(2):167-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12837. | To update the available evidence on the impact of periodontitis on diabetes control, incidence and complications. |
| 48 | Casanova L, Hughes FJ, Preshaw PM. Diabetes and periodontal disease: a two-way relationship. Br Dent J. 2014 Oct;217(8):433-437. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.907. | To summarise our current understanding of the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis and to discuss the clinical implications of these findings for the dental professional. |
| 49 | Miller LS, Manwell MA, Newbold D, Reding ME, Rasheed A, Blodgett J, Kornman KS. The relationship between reduction in periodontal inflammation and diabetes control: a report of 9 cases. J Periodontol. 1992 Oct;63(10):843-848. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1992.63.10.843. | To evaluate the effect of controlling gingival inflammation on blood glucose levels as determined by glycosylation of hemoglobin and albumin. |
| 50 | Basker RM, Sturdee DW, Davenport JC. Patients with burning mouths. A clinical investigation of causative factors, including the climacteric and diabetes. Br Dent J. 1978 Jul 4;145(1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4804107. | To investigate the profiles of burning mouth syndrome patients, its characteristics, and the available treatment methods and their effects. |
| 51 | Saito T, Shimazaki Y. Metabolic disorders related to obesity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:254-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00186.x. | To review the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease and the causal relationship between obesity and diabetes |
| 52 | Tervonen T, Oliver RC. Long-term control of diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1993 Jul;20(6):431-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00384.x. | To evaluate the association between long-term control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis. |
| 53 | Polak D, Shapira L. An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Feb;45(2):150-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12803. | To provide an update of the review by Taylor (Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2013, 40, S113) regarding the scientific evidence of the biological association between periodontitis and diabetes. |
| 54 | Thorstensson H, Kuylenstierna J, Hugoson A. Medical status and complications in relation to periodontal disease experience in insulin-dependent diabetics. J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Mar;23(3):194-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb02076.x. | To define a population of diabetics exhibiting an increased risk of developing severe periodontitis by comparing the medical status of 2 groups of diabetics, 1 with no/minor periodontal disease and 1 with severe periodontal disease. |
| 55 | Retzepi M, Donos N. The effect of diabetes mellitus on osseous healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jul;21(7):673-681. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01923.x. | To review the clinical evidence supporting a higher rate of complications during fracture healing in diabetic patients and the histological evidence indicating impaired potential for intramembranous and endochondral ossification in the presence of uncontrolled experimental diabetes. |
| 56 | Salvi GE, Collins JG, Yalda B, Arnold RR, Lang NP, Offenbacher S. Monocytic TNF alpha secretion patterns in IDDM patients with periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997 Jan;24(1):8-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb01178.x. | To identify whether monocytic TNF alpha secretion patterns could serve as a potential phenotypic discriminator for periodontal disease susceptibility within IDDM patients. |
| 57 | Katz J, Bhattacharyya I, Farkhondeh-Kish F, Perez FM, Caudle RM, Heft MW. Expression of the receptor of advanced glycation end products in gingival tissues of type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontal disease: a study utilizing immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Jan;32(1):40-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00623.x. | To demonstrate the presence of RAGE in human periodontium in patients with chronic periodontitis with and without T2DM. |
| 58 | Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Kubo M, Iida M, Koga T. The severity of periodontal disease is associated with the development of glucose intolerance in non-diabetics: the Hisayama study. J Dent Res. 2004 Jun;83(6):485-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300610. | To evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and glucose tolerance status, including changes in status. |
| 59 | Hugoson A, Thorstensson H, Falk H, Kuylenstierna J. Periodontal conditions in insulin-dependent diabetics. J Clin Periodontol. 1989 Apr;16(4):215-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01644.x. | To compare the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in age- and sex-matched adult long- and short-duration IDDM and NIDDM. |
| 60 | Kumar MS, Vamsi G, Sripriya R, Sehgal PK. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8 and -9) in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 2006 Nov;77(11):1803-1808. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050293. | To assess the expression of MMP-8 and -9 in gingival tissues of diabetic chronic periodontitis, non-diabetic chronic periodontitis, and healthy patients. |
| 61 | Oliver RC, Tervonen T. Diabetes-A Risk Factor for Periodontitis in Adults? J Periodontol. 1994 May;65 (5):530-538. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.5s.530. | To review variations in type, metabolic control, and duration of diabetes and highlights the results of studies that have considered these variations. |
| 62 | Zambon JJ, Reynolds H, Fisher JG, Shlossman M, Dunford R, Genco RJ. Microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 1988 Jan;59(1):23-31. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1988.59.1.23. | To report an examination of the subgingival microflora and serum antibody response in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 63 | Kinane D, Bouchard P; Group E of European Workshop on Periodontology. Periodontal diseases and health: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Sep;35(8):333-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01278.x. | To update the knowledge base on periodontal diseases and health. |
| 64 | Shimazaki Y, Saito T, Yonemoto K, Kiyohara Y, Iida M, Yamashita Y. Relationship of metabolic syndrome to periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama Study. J Dent Res. 2007 Mar;86(3):271-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600314. | To examine the relationship between periodontitis and 5 components of metabolic syndrome--abdominal obesity, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar level--in 584 Japanese women. |
| 65 | Southerland JH, Taylor GW, Moss K, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Commonality in chronic inflammatory diseases: periodontitis, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Periodontol 2000. 2006;40:130-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00138.x. | To review the relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases: periodontitis, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. |
| 66 | Mombelli A, Cionca N. Systemic diseases affecting osseointegration therapy. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Oct;17(2):97-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01354.x. Erratum in: Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Dec;17(6):746. | To evaluate the impact of systemic diseases and their treatment on the success of osseointegration therapy. |
| 67 | Nevins ML, Karimbux NY, Weber HP, Giannobile WV, Fiorellini JP. Wound healing around endosseous implants in experimental diabetes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998 Sep-Oct;13(5):620-629. | To identify the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on osseointegration. |
| 68 | Alsaadi G, Quirynen M, Michiles K, Teughels W, Komárek A, van Steenberghe D. Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of failures up to abutment connection with modified surface oral implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Jan;35(1):51-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01165.x. | To assess the influence of systemic and local bone and intra-oral factors on the occurrence of early TiUnite implant failures. |
| 69 | Navarro-Sanchez AB, Faria-Almeida R, Bascones-Martinez A. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological response and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with moderate periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007 Oct;34(10):835-843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01127.x. | To compare the local efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy between T2DM and non-diabetic patients and the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control. |
| 70 | Casarin RC, Barbagallo A, Meulman T, Santos VR, Sallum EA, Nociti FH, Duarte PM, Casati MZ, Gonçalves RB. Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2013 Feb;48(1):30-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01498.x. | To compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled T2DM or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. |
| 71 | Wu YY, Xiao E, Graves DT. Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease. Int J Oral Sci. 2015 Jun 26;7(2):63-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2015.2. | To discuss the potential mechanism of diabetes-enhanced bone loss in relation to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. |
| 72 | Morita T, Yamazaki Y, Mita A, Takada K, Seto M, Nishinoue N, Sasaki Y, Motohashi M, Maeno M. A cohort study on the association between periodontal disease and the development of metabolic syndrome. J Periodontol. 2010 Apr;81(4):512-519. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090594. | To investigate the association between periodontal disease and changes in metabolic-syndrome components to accumulate evidence of the causal relationship between the two conditions. |
| 73 | Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014 Sep;93(9):859-867. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514538820. | To investigate whether there are any effects of diabetes mellitus on implant failure rates, postoperative infections, and marginal bone loss. |
| 74 | Seppälä B, Seppälä M, Ainamo J. A longitudinal study on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1993 Mar;20(3):161-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00338.x. | To assess the progression of periodontal disease after 1 year from the baseline examination in 38 dentate subjects and after 2 years in 22 dentate subjects with a mean duration of 18 years of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 75 | Graves DT, Corrêa JD, Silva TA. The Oral Microbiota Is Modified by Systemic Diseases. J Dent Res. 2019 Feb;98(2):148-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518805739. | To review the relationship systemic diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus in the increase susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. |
| 76 | Graves DT, Liu R, Alikhani M, Al-Mashat H, Trackman PC. Diabetes-enhanced inflammation and apoptosis--impact on periodontal pathology. J Dent Res. 2006 Jan;85(1):15-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500103. | To review how diabetes-enhanced inflammation and apoptosis may affect the oral environment. |
| 77 | Engebretson SP, Hey-Hadavi J, Ehrhardt FJ, Hsu D, Celenti RS, Grbic JT, Lamster IB. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1beta and glycemic control in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol. 2004 Sep;75(9):1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.9.1203. | To determine whether glycemic control was related to gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1beta. |
| 78 | Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, Myers D, Mongelluzzo MB, Block HM, Weyant R, Orchard T. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies: II. Prevalence and characteristics of Candida and Candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 May;89(5):570-576. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.104477. | To assess the prevalence of Candida albicans and oral infection with Candida in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 79 | Moorthy A, Gaikwad R, Krishna S, Hegde R, Tripathi KK, Kale PG, Rao PS, Haldipur D, Bonanthaya K. SARS-CoV-2, Uncontrolled Diabetes and Corticosteroids-An Unholy Trinity in Invasive Fungal Infections of the Maxillofacial Region? A Retrospective, Multi-centric Analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021 Sep;20(3):418-425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-021-01532-1. | To investigate the common contributing factors leading to such infections and of highlighting the significance of this surge seen in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. |
| 80 | Mashimo PA, Yamamoto Y, Slots J, Park BH, Genco RJ. The periodontal microflora of juvenile diabetics. Culture, immunofluorescence, and serum antibody studies. J Periodontol. 1983 Jul;54(7):420-430. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1983.54.7.420. | To evaluate the composition of the subgingival flora in IDDM patients suffering from Periodontitis using cultural, phase contrast and immunofluorescent microscopic procedures. |
| 81 | Lalla E, Kunzel C, Burkett S, Cheng B, Lamster IB. Identification of unrecognized diabetes and pre-diabetes in a dental setting. J Dent Res. 2011 Jul;90(7):855-860. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034511407069. Epub 2011 Apr 29. Erratum in: J Dent Res. 2012 Jul;91(7):715. | To assess the performance of a targeted approach to identify unrecognized diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population presenting at a dental clinic. |
| 82 | Fouad AF, Burleson J. The effect of diabetes mellitus on endodontic treatment outcome: data from an electronic patient record. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Jan;134(1):43-51; quiz 117-8. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0016. | To investigate endodontic diagnostic and treatment outcome data in patients with and without diabetes. |
| 83 | Scannapieco FA. Position paper of The American Academy of Periodontology: periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases. J Periodontol. 1998 Jul;69(7):841-850. | To provide information regarding the role of periodontal disease in systemic diseases, including bacteremia, infective endocarditis, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, prosthetic device infection, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. |
| 84 | Genco RJ, Sanz M. Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview. Periodontol 2000. 2020 Jun;83(1):7-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12344. | To describe the emerging evidence and updates the current state of knowledge regarding the associations between periodontal diseases, mainly periodontitis, and several systemic diseases. |
| 85 | Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S, Kaplan S, Softness B, Greenberg E, Goland RS, Lamster IB. Diabetes mellitus promotes periodontal destruction in children. J Clin Periodontol. 2007 Apr;34(4):294-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01054.x. | To assess the periodontal status of a large cohort of children and adolescents with diabetes. |
| 86 | Kaur G, Holtfreter B, Rathmann W, Schwahn C, Wallaschofski H, Schipf S, Nauck M, Kocher T. Association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Sep;36(9):765-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01445.x. | To determine whether both T1DM and T2DM are associated with increased prevalence and extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss compared with non-diabetic subjects within a homogeneous adult study population. |
| 87 | O’Connell PA, Taba M, Nomizo A, Foss Freitas MC, Suaid FA, Uyemura SA, Trevisan GL, Novaes AB, Souza SL, Palioto DB, Grisi MF. Effects of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and inflammatory markers. J Periodontol. 2008 May;79(5):774-783. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.070250. | To evaluate the effects of periodontal therapy on the serum levels of HbA1c and on inflammatory biomarkers. |
| 88 | Mealey BL, Moritz AJ. Hormonal influences: effects of diabetes mellitus and endogenous female sex steroid hormones on the periodontium. Periodontol 2000. 2003;32:59-81. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.03206.x. | To discuss the primary hormonal factors associated with diabetes mellitus and female sex steroid hormones. |
| 89 | Monje A, Catena A, Borgnakke WS. Association between diabetes mellitus/hyperglycaemia and peri-implant diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Jun;44(6):636-648. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12724. | To investigate whether hyperglycaemia/DM is associated with peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis). |
| 90 | Correa FO, Gonçalves D, Figueredo CM, Bastos AS, Gustafsson A, Orrico SR. Effect of periodontal treatment on metabolic control, systemic inflammation and cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Jan;37(1):53-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01498.x. | To investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on the circulating concentration of hs-CRP, FIB, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and on the metabolic control in T2DM patients. |
| 91 | Anner R, Grossmann Y, Anner Y, Levin L. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, and supportive periodontal treatment as factors associated with dental implant survival: a long-term retrospective evaluation of patients followed for up to 10 years. Implant Dent. 2010 Feb;19(1):57-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0b013e3181bb8f6c. | To evaluate the factors associated with long-term implant survival in a large cohort of patients in regular follow-up until data collection. |
| 92 | Collin HL, Uusitupa M, Niskanen L, Kontturi-Närhi V, Markkanen H, Koivisto AM, Meurman JH. Periodontal findings in elderly patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 1998 Sep;69(9):962-966. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1998.69.9.962. | To investigate periodontal status, including assessment of 3 putative periodontal pathogens, in a group of elderly Finnish patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 93 | Oates TW, Dowell S, Robinson M, McMahan CA. Glycemic control and implant stabilization in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Dent Res. 2009 Apr;88(4):367-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509334203. | To evaluate the effect of glycemic level on implant integration in persons with diabetes |
| 94 | Olson JW, Shernoff AF, Tarlow JL, Colwell JA, Scheetz JP, Bingham SF. Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population: a prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000 Nov-Dec;15(6):811-818. | To assess the success of 2-stage endosseous root-form implants (3 different implant systems) placed in the mandibular symphysis of 89 male type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 95 | Jones JA, Miller DR, Wehler CJ, Rich SE, Krall-Kaye EA, McCoy LC, Christiansen CL, Rothendler JA, Garcia RI. Does periodontal care improve glycemic control? The Department of Veterans Affairs Dental Diabetes Study. J Clin Periodontol. 2007 Jan;34(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01002.x. | To report the efficacy of periodontal care in the improvement of glycemic control in 165 veterans with poorly controlled diabetes over 4 mo. |
| 96 | Liljestrand JM, Havulinna AS, Paju S, Männistö S, Salomaa V, Pussinen PJ. Missing Teeth Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events, Diabetes, and Death. J Dent Res. 2015 Aug;94(8):1055-1062. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515586352. | To study the capability of the number of missing teeth in predicting incident cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all-cause death. |
| 97 | Costa PP, Trevisan GL, Macedo GO, Palioto DB, Souza SL, Grisi MF, Novaes AB Jr, Taba M Jr. Salivary interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and osteoprotegerin in patients with periodontitis and diabetes. J Periodontol. 2010 Mar;81(3):384-391. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090510. | To evaluate the salivary concentrations of IL-6, MMP-8, and OPG in patients with periodontitis withT2DM. |
| 98 | Westfelt E, Rylander H, Blohmé G, Jonasson P, Lindhe J. The effect of periodontal therapy in diabetics. Results after 5 years. J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Feb;23(2):92-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00540.x. | To study the frequency of recurrence of periodontitis in diabetic subjects, who, prior to the initiation of a 5-year period of monitoring, were treated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease. |
| 99 | Ervasti T, Knuuttila M, Pohjamo L, Haukipuro K. Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding. J Periodontol. 1985 Mar;56(3):154-157. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1985.56.3.154. | To examine the periodontal health status of adult diabetics and healthy controls. |
| 100 | Thorstensson H, Hugoson A. Periodontal disease experience in adult long-duration insulin-dependent diabetics. J Clin Periodontol. 1993 May;20(5):352-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00372.x. | To analyse periodontal disease experience in 40- to 70-year-old, sex-matched IDDM and NIDDM. |
AGEs: advanced glycation endoproducts; DM: diabetes mellitus; FIB: fibrinogen; hs-CRP: HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1C; IL: interleukin; IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; high-sensitivity capsule-reactive protein; mo: months; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NIDDM: non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; OPG: osteoprotegerin; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; US: United States.