Figure 7.

FITC-dextran permeability of human colon monolayers treated with or without tenapanor (1 μM) and IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), or fecal supernatant (C) from healthy controls (n = 10) or patients with IBS-C (n = 9). Monolayers were incubated with fecal supernatant for 16 h. Inflammatory cytokine results are presented as means ± SD. *P < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t test. Fecal supernatant results are presented as means of three values each for fecal supernatants from 9 patients with IBS-C and 10 healthy controls. P values were calculated using a Wilcoxon-matched pairs signed rank test. D and E: effects of DMSO (control), tenapanor (1 µM), TNF-α plus DMSO, or TNF-α plus tenapanor on TEER (D) and FITC-dextran permeability (E) of human colon monolayers (n = 2/group). Monolayers were incubated with the treatments for 23 h. Data are presented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; FD4, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran; FITC, fluorescein isothiocynate; FSN, fecal supernatant; IBS-C, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation; IL-6, interleukin 6; TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.