Table 2.
Characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristics | Heart failure (n = 18) | Control (n = 18) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Male | 10 (55.6) | 10 (55.6) | |
| Female | 8 (44.4) | 8 (44.4) | |
| Age (years old)a | 58.7 (14.8) | 59.2 (13.6) | 0.862b |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 (3.1) | 23.9 (3.3) | 0.967 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 83.6 (14.3) | 76.8 (4.3) | 0.164 |
| Blood pressure (BP) (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic BP | 124.3 (18.1) | 135.4 (19.6) | 0.087 |
| Diastolic BPa | 75.9 (8.1) | 75.9 (8.6) | 0.948b |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 13 (72.2) | 13 (72.2) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes | 7 (38.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.480 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (50.0) | 15 (83.3) | 0.034* |
| History of myocardial infarction | 7 (38.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.480 |
| Myocarditis | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000c |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | 6 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0.457 |
| Coronary syndrome | 8 (44.4) | 5 (27.8) | 0.298 |
| Angina pectoris | 2 (11.1) | 3 (16.7) | 1.000c |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000c |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 16 (88.9) | 12 (66.7) | 0.228c |
| Betablocker | 17 (94.4) | 14 (77.8) | 0.338c |
| Statin | 14 (77.8) | 15 (83.3) | 1.000c |
| Aspirin | 5 (27.8) | 2 (11.1) | 0.402c |
| Clopidogrel | 9 (50.0) | 11 (61.1) | 0.502 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 13 (72.2) | 4 (22.2) | 0.003* |
| Nitrate | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 1.000c |
Notes:
*
Statistical significance at P-value < 0.05;
a
Median (IQR);
b
Mann-Whitney U test;
c
Fisher’s exact test