Figure 5.

Fit of the 11 path-analytical models and best-fit model (eleven). a) Model eleven, including multiple direct and indirect effects of abiotic and biotic factors resulted as best fit, and was more than two delta CIC better than the next-best-fitting models ten and seven. None of the models with individual effects on speciation rates (one to four) had a good fit to the data (P < 0.05). b) In model eleven, biogeographic background (BG) positively impacted rates of climatic niche evolution (climR), which in turn drove speciation rates and also positively affected rates of vegetative and floral trait evolution. The latter did have weak negative effects on speciation rates, whereas biogeographic background itself had a negligible positive effect on speciation rates. c) Standardized regression coefficients of model eleven, with confidence intervals.