Table 3.

Risk factors for AMD at pre- and post- COVID-19 pandemic.

General characteristics	OR	95% CI		p-value
		Lower	Upper
Total
Sex (Female)	0.761	0.624	0.928	0.007*
Age (> 60 years)	3.367	2.643	4.289	< 0.001*
Hypertension	1.231	0.983	1.541	0.070
Diabetes	1.195	0.928	1.540	0.168
Dyslipidemia	1.610	1.291	2.008	< 0.001*
Stroke	1.278	0.833	1.961	0.261
MDD	1.466	1.026	2.097	0.036*
COVID-19 pandemic	1.600	1.318	1.943	< 0.001*
Aerobic physical activity	1.076	0.880	1.315	0.477
Income				0.572
Lower	1 (ref)
Middle-lower	0.814	0.603	1.098	0.178
Middle-upper	0.940	0.709	1.246	0.665
Upper	0.933	0.702	1.240	0.633
Pre-COVID-19
Sex (female)	0.837	0.634	1.105	0.209
Age (> 60 years)	3.160	2.287	4.367	< 0.001*
Hypertension	1.128	0.822	1.546	0.456
Diabetes	1.398	0.986	1.982	0.060
Dyslipidemia	1.837	1.350	2.500	< 0.001*
Stroke	1.472	0.839	2.583	0.178
MDD	1.468	0.892	2.415	0.131
Aerobic physical activity	1.217	0.921	1.608	0.167
Income
Lower				0.221
Middle-lower	1.023	0.678	1.545	0.913
Middle-upper	1.263	0.852	1.874	0.245
Upper	1.412	0.960	2.078	0.080
Post-COVID-19
Sex (female)	0.670	0.505	0.889	0.005*
Age (> 60 years)	3.215	2.309	4.476	< 0.001*
Hypertension	1.325	0.963	1.822	0.084
Diabetes	1.038	0.717	1.504	0.842
Dyslipidemia	1.397	1.019	1.915	0.038*
Stroke	1.099	0.568	2.124	0.780
MDD	1.517	0.908	2.534	0.112
Aerobic physical activity	0.949	0.709	1.269	0.722
Income				0.006*
Lower	1 (ref)
Middle-lower	2.115	1.366	3.275	0.001*
Middle-upper	1.960	1.260	3.050	0.003*
Upper	1.663	1.052	2.629	0.030*

MDD Major depressive disorder. *p <0.05