Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients
| All, n = 710 |
Outcome at follow-up | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favorable, n = 444 |
Unfavorable, n = 266 |
|||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age—years | 63 ± 14 | 60 ± 14 | 67 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex—n (%) | 580 (82) | 372 (84) | 208 (78) | 0.062 |
| Medical history—n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension, medically treated | 320 (45) | 186 (42) | 134 (51) | 0.024 |
| Diabetes | 93 (13) | 46 (10) | 47 (18) | 0.005 |
| Myocardial infarction | 150 (21) | 89 (20) | 61 (23) | 0.332 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 117 (17) | 57 (13) | 60 (23) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 126 (18) | 60 (14) | 66 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 55 (8) | 24 (5) | 31 (12) | 0.002 |
| Stroke | 51 (7) | 28 (6) | 23 (9) | 0.241 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 33 (5) | 14 (3) | 19 (7) | 0.014 |
| Characteristics of the cardiac arrest—n (%) | ||||
| Shockable rhythm | 643 (91) | 420 (95) | 223 (84) | < 0.001 |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 28 (4) | 7 (2) | 21 (8) | < 0.001 |
| Witnessed arrest | 604 (85) | 386 (87) | 218 (82) | 0.060 |
| Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 619 (89) | 406 (93) | 213 (81) | < 0.001 |
| First defibrillation by automated external defibrillator | 158 (23) | 110 (25) | 48 (18) | 0.033 |
| Time to return of spontaneous circulation—minutes | 21 ± 14 | 17 ± 11 | 27 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Findings and procedures on arrival at hospital | ||||
| ST-segment elevation ECG—n (%) | 316 (45) | 200 (46) | 116 (44) | 0.643 |
| Coronary angiogram obtained—n (%) | 644 (91) | 397 (89) | 247 (93) | 0.126 |
| PCI performed—n (%) | 298 (46) | 189 (48) | 109 (44) | 0.358 |
| pH level | 7.21 ± 0.13 | 7.23 ± 0.12 | 7.18 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
| Lactate level—mmol/liter | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 5.2 ± 3.7 | 6.9 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Plus–minus values are means ± SD. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area
N number, ECG electrocardiogram, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention