Table 2.
Certainty assessment |
№ of patients |
Effect |
Certainty | Importance | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
№ of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Liriope Tuber included traditional herbal medicine | Conventional Medicine | Relative (95 % CI) |
Absolute (95 % CI) |
||
PAF Frequency | ||||||||||||
16 | randomised trials | seriousa | seriousb,c | seriousd | not serious | none | 634 | 632 | – | SMD 0.99 SD fewer (1.4 fewer to 0.57 fewer) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
CRITICAL |
LAD | ||||||||||||
16 | randomised trials | seriousa | seriousc | seriousd | not serious | none | 406 | 401 | – | MD 2.39 lower (3.09 lower to 1.68 lower) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
CRITICAL |
hs-CRP | ||||||||||||
8 | randomised trials | seriousa | seriousc | seriousd | not serious | none | 348 | 345 | – | MD 1.10 lower (1.73 lower to 0.47 lower) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
IMPORTANT |
Pd | ||||||||||||
10 | randomised trials | seriousa | seriousc | seriousd | not serious | none | 357 | 356 | – | MD 6.41 lower (8.44 lower to 4.37 lower) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
IMPORTANT |
LVEF | ||||||||||||
7 | randomised trials | seriousa | seriousc | seriousd | not serious | none | 626 | 620 | – | MD 4.71 more (3.17 more to 6.25 more) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
IMPORTANT |
CI, confidence interval; MD, mean difference; SMD, standardised mean difference, PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, LAD, Left atrium diameter, Pd, P-wave dispersion, LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction.
Explanations.
. All studies were assessed for some concerns or high risk of bias.
. The units of measurement are different, and the explanation is not clear.
. Substantial or considerable heterogeneity.
. The interventions were complex, with Liriope Tuber being only one component of the regimen.