Table 1.

Association of clinical features with depression and anxiety in GD patients.

Clinical feature	Correlation with depression	Correlation with anxiety	Key findings
GD (without eye disease)	Correlation with depression	Correlation with anxiety	Significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety in GD patients compared with patients with nodular goiter (non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism) (29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
Thyroid dysfunction	Correlation with depression	Correlation with anxiety	Depression and anxiety more prevalent in hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism (25, 26)
Serum thyroid hormone levels	No correlation with the severity of depression	No correlation with the severity of anxiety	The severity of hyperthyroidism is not linked to the severity of depression and anxiety (33, 42, 44, 47, 48)
Antithyroid antibodies	Conflicting results	Conflicting results	Some studies show association, others don’t (34, 42, 44, 46, 49, 50)
Treatment response	Improvement after treatment	Improvement after treatment	Improvement in psychiatric symptoms in hyperthyroid and GD patients after treatment of thyrotoxicosis (33, 54, 56, 57)