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Descriptive statistics of Beijing students' conceptions of learning English (N = 271).
| Factors | Min | Max | Mean | S.D. | Variance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meeting the requirements (MR) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.40 | 1.11 | 1.23 |
| Memorizing (Me) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.09 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
| Testing (Te) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.94 | 1.10 | 1.20 |
| Drills and practice (DP) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.70 | 0.83 | 0.69 |
| Increasing knowledge (IK) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.80 | 0.85 | 0.72 |
| Applying (Ap) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.78 | 0.80 | 0.63 |
| Understanding (Und) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.78 | 0.85 | 0.72 |
| Seeing in a new way (Se) | 1.00 | 5.00 | 4.01 | 0.82 | 0.67 |
