Table 5.

Descriptive statistics of Beijing students' approaches to learning English (N = 271).

	Min	Max	Mean	S.D.	Variance
Aim for qualification	1.00	5.00	3.89	0.76	0.58
Fear of failure	1.00	5.00	3.63	0.88	0.77
Intrinsic interest and commitment to work	1.00	5.00	3.60	0.83	0.69
Minimizing scope of study	1.00	5.00	3.23	0.94	0.88
Memorization	1.00	5.00	2.96	1.04	1.09
Relating ideas and understanding	1.00	5.00	3.73	0.81	0.66