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. 2024 Sep 6;43:253. doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03177-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Suppression of HSF1 activity delays cholangiocarcinogenesis and reduces the proliferation and aggressiveness of AKT/NICD1 mouse lesions. A, B Study design. Briefly, wild-type FVB/N mice were subjected to hydrodynamic tail vein injection of either AKT/NICD1/pT3 (control) or AKT/NICD1/HSF1dn plasmids. HSF1dn is the dominant-negative form of the HSF1 transcription factor, whose overexpression effectively inhibits the endogenous HSF1 activity. C While liver lesions from AKT/NICD1 mice consisted of invasive and proliferative (as assessed by positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (upper panels), cystic lesions (denominated cystic adenomas and cystic adenocarcinomas) with low proliferation rate occupied the liver parenchyma of AKT/NICD1/HSF1dn mice. As expected, V5-tagged-HSF1dn staining was observed only in AKT/NICD1/HSF1dn mice. D Liver weight and proliferative activity were significantly higher in AKT/NICD1 mice than in AKT/NICD1/HSF1dn mice. Moreover, the survival curve showed significantly longer survival of AKT/NICD1/HSF1dn mice. Student’s t-test: ***, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.001. Original magnifications: 40x and 200x; scale bar: 500 μm in 40x and 100 μm in 200x. Abbreviations: H&E, hematoxylin and eosin staining