Table 2.
The associations between BTMs and DKD, UACR, and eGFR
| 25-OH-D | β-CTX | OSTEOC | iPTH | TP1NP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR or β(95%Cl) | P value | OR or β(95%Cl) | P value | OR or β(95%Cl) | P value | OR or β(95%Cl) | P value | OR or β(95%Cl) | P value | |
| DKD0 | 0.951(0.929, 0.973) | <0.001 | 0.711(0.319, 1.587) | 0.405 | 1.007(0.980, 1.036) | 0.601 | 1.014(1.005, 1.024) | 0.003 | 1.005(0.999, 1.012) | 0.111 |
| DKD1 | 0.953(0.930, 0.976) | <0.001 | 1.343(0.571, 3.160) | 0.499 | 1.024(0.994, 1.056) | 0.118 | 1.012(1.002, 1.021) | 0.016 | 1.010(1.001, 1.018) | 0.023 |
| DKD2 | 0.969(0.944, 0.995) | 0.02 | 1.048(0.357, 3.071) | 0.932 | 1.003(0.963, 1.045) | 0.880 | 1.012(0.999, 1.025) | 0.064 | 1.007(0.996, 1.018) | 0.200 |
| UACR0 | −8.312(−11.268,−5.356) | <0.001 | 134.853(18.521, 251.185) | 0.023 | 11.378(7.310,15.447) | <0.001 | 2.485(1.142,3.828) | <0.001 | 2.557(1.670, 3.444) | <0.001 |
| UACR1 | −8.445(−11.457,−5.434) | <0.001 | 170.464(49.078, 291.851) | 0.006 | 12.654(8.455,16.853) | <0.001 | 2.394(1.040,3.748) | 0.001 | 2.725(1.822, 3.628) | <0.001 |
| UACR2 | −6.294(−9.206,−3.382) | <0.001 | 128.944(9.116, 248.772) | 0.035 | 9.145(4.801,13.488) | <0.001 | 1.972(0.588,3.356) | 0.005 | 2.108(1.203, 3.013) | <0.001 |
| eGFR0 | 0.096(−0.102,0.293) | 0.342 | −5.260(−12.894, 2.374) | 0.177 | −0.532(−0.801,−0.262) | <0.001 | −0.308(−0.394,−0.223) | <0.001 | −0.060(−0.119,−0.001) | 0.048 |
| eGFR1 | −0.033(−0.220, 0.155) | 0.734 | −9.709(−17.104,−2.315) | 0.010 | −0.639(−0.897,−0.381) | <0.001 | −0.270(−0.350,−0.189) | <0.001 | −0.071(−0.127,−0.015) | 0.014 |
| eGFR2 | −0.133(−0.309, 0.043) | 0.138 | −6.720(−13.878, 0.438) | 0.066 | −0.421(−0.682,−0.161) | 0.002 | −0.230(−0.311,−0.149) | <0.001 | −0.011(−0.066, 0.044) | 0.692 |
Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relationships between the prevalence of DKD and BTMs levels, and the findings were summarized as odds ratios and regression coefficients, both with 95% CIs. Linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the associations between UACR and eGFR with BTMs levels, and the results were summarized as beta and regression coefficients, again accompanied by 95% CIs
0 The model was not adjusted
1 The model was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and duration of diabetes
2 The model was adjusted for model 1and SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST, ALP, Hemoglobin, Serum calcium, Serum phosphorus, Serum uric acid and medications, and the medications included anti-osteoporosis drugs (calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonate, or other drugs), anti-diabetic agents (pioglitazone, SGLT−2 inhibitors, and GLP−1 analogues), and ACEI/ARB
DKD Diabetic kidney disease, UACR Urine albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR Estimated glomerular infiltration rate, 25-OH-D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, β-CTX β-CrossLaps, OSTEOC Osteocalcin, iPTH Intact parathyroid hormone, TP1NP Total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide