Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the review of the association between pregnancy intention and newborn and infant continuum of care in SSA, 2023
| Authors, year | Study country | Study design | Study population | Sample size | NOS score | Reported outcome type | Outcome prevalence (%) | Pregnancy intention | Association of outcome with pregnancy intention (OR) | Controlled confounding factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intended (%) | Unintended (%) | ||||||||||
| Alemu and Eshete, 2020 [53] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers who had infants under six months of age | 834 | 8 | Essential newborn care | 24.1 | 72.3 | 27.7 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | Maternal education, employment, birth interval, and antenatal care |
| Chichiabellu et al. 2018 [54] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Reproductive-age women who had given birth at home | 450 | 8 | Essential newborn care | 24 | 14.9 | 85.1 | 7.0 (3.73, 11.81) | Receive antenatal care, advice about essential newborn care, postnatal care visits, residence, birth preparedness, knowledge about newborn danger signs, and knowledge about newborn care |
| Habte et al. 2022 [52] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers who had infants under six months of age | 818 | 8 | Essential newborn care | 33.1 | 77.6 | 22.4 | 2.66 (1.56, 4.51) | Mother’s age, mother’s educational level, wealth index, family size, parity, birth preparedness and complication readiness plan, mode of delivery, timing of postnatal visits, knowledge on danger signs, time to reach nearby health facility, and attending monthly pregnant women conference |
| Apanga and Kumbeni, 2021 [55] | Ghana | Cross-sectional | Mothers of children aged less than two years | 3,466 | 7 | Early initiation of breastfeeding | 52.3 | 51 | 49 | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | Not adjusted |
| Gebremeskel et al. 2019 [57] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers of children aged less than 12 months | 809 | 7 | Early initiation of breastfeeding | 61.9 | 81 | 19 | 1.8 (1.25, 2.57) | Not adjusted |
| Gedefaw et al. 2020 [56] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers of children under five years of age | 7,115 | 8 | Early initiation of breastfeeding | 75 | 74 | 26 | 1.3 (1.15, 1.49) | Not adjusted |
| Duarte Lopes et al. 2022 [58] | Cape Verde | Cross-sectional | Mothers of children aged under two years | 1,765 | 8 | Exclusive breastfeeding | 32.5 | - | - | 1.06 (0.73, 1.54) | Maternal age, education, marital status, family income, residence, parity, prenatal care, number of prenatal visits, maternity leave, child’s birth weight, breastfeeding in the first hour after delivery |
| Mamo et al. 2020 [59] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers with infants aged 6–9 months | 725 | 8 | Exclusive breastfeeding | 65.4 | 61.3 | 38.7 | 4.73 (3.22, 6.95) | Marital status, residence, antenatal care, postnatal care attendance, mode of delivery, counselling on exclusive breastfeeding, sex of the child |
| Fenta and Fenta, 2021 [61] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Women with children aged 12–23 months | 1,929 | 9 | Child’s immunisation status | 48.6 | 80.1 | 19.9 | 1.44 (1.08, 1.91) | Maternal education status, number of antenatal care visits, place of delivery, presence of vaccination card, maternal occupation, husband education status, husband occupational status, religion, wealth index, mother tetanus injections received, place of residence, community-level maternal education, community-level wealth index, community-level media exposure, the place of delivery, region |
| Gualu and Dilie, 2017 [62] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers with children aged 12–23 months | 298 | 8 | Child’s immunisation status | 91.7 | 78.8 | 21.2 | 2.89 (1.17, 7.17) | Mother’s occupational status, child’s sex, place of delivery, antenatal care, knowledge of time of vaccination schedule, and distance from the vaccination site |
| Mebrate et al. 2022 [60] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | Mothers with children aged 12–23 months | 664 | 8 | Child’s immunisation status | 72.6 | 93.3 | 6.7 | 5.9 (2.4, 11.3) | Mother’s age, educational status of the mother, district number of antenatal care visits, at least one postnatal care by a health care worker, number of children the mother has, child’s age in months, attitude to vaccination, knowledge of vaccination schedule |