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. 2023 Apr 11;12:7. doi: 10.1186/s13750-023-00296-0

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Typology of range shifts used in this review. Leading edge or center of range increases and trailing edge decreases were considered to support our temperature-related range shift hypotheses. Lack of shifts in any parameter; decreases on the leading edge or in the mean/optimum; and increases on the trailing edge were all considered “fail to support”