Table 3.

Bootstrapping LSDV results on the effects of investments in agric. Innovation on average dietary energy supply adequacy.

Average Dietary Energy Supply Adeq.	Full Sample			Central Africa		East Africa		Southern Africa		Western Africa
	Baseline Model	Agric. Res.	Agric. R&D	Agric. Res.	Agric. R&D	Agric. Res.	Agric. R&D	Agric. Res.	Agric. R&D	Agric. Res.	Agric. R&D
Population Growth		−0.052***	−0.046***	−0.039	−0.026	0.109***	0.076	−0.088***	−0.075***	0.027*	0.063***
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.031)	(0.031)	(0.034)	(0.073)	(0.010)	(0.0064)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Food CPI	−0.026*	−0.004	−0.012	0.415	−0.171	0.251***	0.195***	−0.123	−0.077	0.030	0.044*
	(0.014)	(0.021)	(0.018)	(2.853)	(0.741)	(0.037)	(0.045)	(0.085)	(0.071)	(0.031)	(0.023)
Food per capita	0.117***	0.061**	0.063**	−0.990	0.244	−0.322***	−0.165	0.001	−0.031	0.136***	0.136***
	(0.0281)	(0.030)	(0.027)	(1.594)	(0.664)	(0.058)	(0.197)	(0.059)	(0.052)	(0.051)	(0.038)
Agric. Researchers		0.033***		−0.418***		0.031		0.064***		0.029***
		(0.004)		(0.054)		(0.022)		(0.008)		(0.011)
Agric. R&D Spending			0.021***		−0.124***		−0.021		0.064***		0.040***
			(0.003)						(0.008)		(0.005)
East Africa		−0.168***	−0.146***
		(0.016)	(0.013)
South Africa		−0.067***	−0.070***
		(0.019)	(0.016)
West Africa		0.075***	0.072***
		(0.010)	(0.013)
Time Dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	504	409	409	34	34	51	51	137	137	170	170
R-squared	0.373	0.547	0.537	0.936	0.972	0.921	0.905	0.596	0.634	0.350	0.450
Boostrap Replication	50	35	35	48	48	35	31	20	22	50	50

Standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Note: Baseline model is the original Warren's [30] model, Agric. Res. Stands for the Full-time equivalents of agricultural researchers, Agric. R&D stands for the total annual expenditures on agricultural research and development.