Table 2.

Biology of Trichinella species/subtypes/genotypes.

Genotype	Lineage designation/name	General location	Muscle phase encapsulated	Main hosts	Additional references
T1	Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) Railliet, 1895	Cosmopolitan	Yes	Suids, rodents, humans	Dame et al. (1987);Zarlenga and Gamble (1990);La Rosa et al. (1992); Pozio et al. (1992b); Lichtenfels et al. (1983); Zarlenga et al. (2002); Murrell et al., (2000); Pozio and Murrell (2006);Zarlenga and La Rosa (2000);Zarlenga et al. (2020);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T2	Trichinella nativaBritov and Boev, 1972	Circumpolar Arctic	Yes	Suids, carnivores	Lichtenfels et al., 1983); Pozio et al. (1992a);La Rosa et al. (1992); Murrell et al. (2000); Pozio and Murrell (2006),Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T3	Trichinella britovi Pozio, La Rosa, Murrell, Lichtenfels, 1992b	Temperate Europe and Northern Africa	Yes	Suids, carnivores	Pozio et al. (1992a); La Rosa et al. (1992);Murrell et al. (2000); Pozio and Murrell (2006); Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T4	Trichinella pseudospiralis,Garkavi, 1972	Cosmopolitan	No	Mammals, birds	Lichtenfels et al. (1983); Pozio et al. (1992a); La Rosa et al. (1992); Zarlenga et al. (1996);Murrell et al. (2000); Pozio and Murrell, 2006) Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T5	Trichinella murrelliPozio and La Rosa, 2000	Temperate North America	Yes	Carnivores	Zarlenga et al. (1991);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T6	Trichinella genotype T6 (Pozio, La Rosa, Murrell, Lichtenfels, 1992a)	Northern temperate North America	Yes	Carnivores	Pozio et al. (1992b);Murrell et al. (2000);La Rosa et al. (1992);Pozio and Murrell (2006);Pozio et al. (2009);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T7	Trichinella nelsoni,Britov and Boev, 1972	Southeastern Africa	Yes	Carnivores	La Rosa et al. (1992);Pozio et al. (1992b);Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio and Murrell (2006);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T8	Trichinella genotype T8 (Pozio, La Rosa, Murrell, Lichtenfels, 1992b)	Southern Africa	Yes	Carnivores	La Rosa et al. (1992); Pozio et al. (1992);Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio et al. (2009);Pozio and Murrell, (2006)
T9	Trichinella genotype T9 (Pozio, La Rosa, Murrell, Lichtenfels, 1992b)	Japan	Yes	Carnivores	Nagano et al. (1999)*; Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio and Murrell (2006);Pozio et al. (2009);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T10	Trichinella papuae,Pozio, Owen, La Rosa, Sacchi, Rossi, Corona, 1999	Southeast Asia	No	Suids, crocodiles	Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio and Murrell (2006)
T11	Trichinella zimbabwensisPozio, Foggin, Marucci, LaRosa, Sacchi, Corona, Rossi, Mukaratirwa, 2002	Southern Africa	No	Crocodiles, reptiles	Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio and Zarlenga, 2005, Pozio and Zarlenga, 2021
T12	Trichinella patagoniensisKrivokapich, Pozio, Gatti, Prous, Ribicich, Marucci, La Rosa, and Confalonieri, 2012 .	Southern Temperate South America	Yes	Carnivores	Murrell et al. (2000);Pozio and Zarlenga (2021)
T13	Trichinella chanchalensis,Sharma, Thompson, Hoberg, Scandrett, Konecsni, Harms, Kukka, Jung, Elkin, Mulders, Larter, Branigan, Pongracz, Wagner, Kafle, Lobanov, Rosenthal, and Jenkins, 2020	Northwest North America	Yes	Carnivores

In bold (USDA-affiliated).

* excepting Nagano et al 1999, all entries in this column were authored or co-authored with USDA scientists.